Assessing technological trends in mining fleet energy management toward sustainable mineral extraction

The mining industry faces increasing environmental concerns and the imperative to align with global initiatives such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) and the Paris Agreement, so adopting green mining practices has become critical. This systematic review evaluates energy management strategies for mining haul trucks, focusing on their role in achieving sustainable mining operations. This review highlights integrating innovative approaches that minimize environmental impact while maximizing operational efficiency. It synthesizes current trends in fuel reduction, alternative energy adoption, and technological innovation. Drawing on proprietary data from Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), the study employs a structured, three-tiered evidence mapping approach that includes benchmarking, bibliometric analysis, and content evaluation. It delivers (i) a policy-oriented taxonomy of energy-management strategies for mining haul trucks, (ii) a comparative gap analysis aligned with the SDGs and Paris targets, and (iii) nine priority research directions to accelerate fleet decarbonization. By combining technical insight with policy relevance, this review advances beyond previous studies that focused narrowly on individual technologies or lacked a systemic policy framework. Relevant topics were identified, such as using alternative fuels, energy recovery systems, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) -driven optimization techniques. The findings of this study offer insights into the development of responsible resource extraction practices, emphasizing the need for continuous innovation to achieve a resilient and low-carbon future in the mining sector.