Porous carbonized peanut shell/polyaniline nanofiber composite for electromagnetic wave absorption and energy storage

A porous carbonized peanut shell/polyaniline nanofiber composite was synthesized through calcination and in-situ polymerization, optimizing polyaniline nanofibers within a 3D porous carbon network based on heterogeneous interface construction and impedance matching strategies. The composite exhibits a unique structure that forms a robust conductive network, enhancing heterogeneous interfaces and multiple reflection and scattering. This optimal porous carbonized peanut shell/polyaniline composite achieves excellent impedance matching and superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of −52.8 dB at the thickness of only 3.4 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.0 GHz. Additionally, the composite demonstrates remarkable electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 359.2 F g⁻¹ at 1 Ag^-1. The symmetrical supercapacitor fabricated with porous carbonized peanut shell/polyaniline composite prepared for 18 h as electrodes demonstrates a competitive energy density of 32.4 Wh kg⁻¹ while maintaining a power density of 500.0 W kg⁻¹. This study presents an effective approach for fabricating biomass-derived carbon/conductive polymer composites, offering significant potential for promising applications in the fields of electromagnetic wave absorption and energy storage.