Minnie Lyons-Coleman, Claire Bates, Nicky Mandall, Paul Bassett
{"title":"间距指数（TSI）：间距牙列的诊断分类。","authors":"Minnie Lyons-Coleman, Claire Bates, Nicky Mandall, Paul Bassett","doi":"10.1177/14653125251358833","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To test the validity and reliability of The Spacing Index (TSI).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A single-centre diagnostic study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Orthodontic Department, Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UKMethods:TSI was outlined based on the principle of mild spacing (0-4 mm), moderate spacing (5-8 mm) and severe spacing (>8 mm). A total of 53 anonymised study models were selected as a convenience sample of patients attending hypodontia multidisciplinary clinics. A range of cases with different amounts of spacing in each arch was chosen. Each model was measured by ML-C in millimetres using calibrated Vernier callipers and then subdivided to give the gold standard spacing TSI categorisation of mild, moderate or severe. Two test raters (CB and NM) then visually assessed the same study models and rated the spacing as mild, moderate or severe. Comparison of the gold standard rating and the test rating was made to assess the validity of TSI. The reliability of the index was assessed by both the gold standard and test raters 2 weeks later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The weighted kappa score was 0.79 (substantial agreement) between the gold standard rater and the test raters for the mild, moderate and severe TSI categories. The weighted kappa scores were greater than 0.80, demonstrating almost perfect intra-observer reliability over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed TSI has been shown to be valid and reliable and could be used to categorise spacing during routine orthodontic assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"270-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Spacing Index (TSI): A diagnostic classification for spaced dentitions.\",\"authors\":\"Minnie Lyons-Coleman, Claire Bates, Nicky Mandall, Paul Bassett\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/14653125251358833\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To test the validity and reliability of The Spacing Index (TSI).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A single-centre diagnostic study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Orthodontic Department, Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UKMethods:TSI was outlined based on the principle of mild spacing (0-4 mm), moderate spacing (5-8 mm) and severe spacing (>8 mm). A total of 53 anonymised study models were selected as a convenience sample of patients attending hypodontia multidisciplinary clinics. A range of cases with different amounts of spacing in each arch was chosen. Each model was measured by ML-C in millimetres using calibrated Vernier callipers and then subdivided to give the gold standard spacing TSI categorisation of mild, moderate or severe. Two test raters (CB and NM) then visually assessed the same study models and rated the spacing as mild, moderate or severe. Comparison of the gold standard rating and the test rating was made to assess the validity of TSI. The reliability of the index was assessed by both the gold standard and test raters 2 weeks later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The weighted kappa score was 0.79 (substantial agreement) between the gold standard rater and the test raters for the mild, moderate and severe TSI categories. The weighted kappa scores were greater than 0.80, demonstrating almost perfect intra-observer reliability over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed TSI has been shown to be valid and reliable and could be used to categorise spacing during routine orthodontic assessment.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16677,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Orthodontics\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"270-274\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Orthodontics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/14653125251358833\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/8/9 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Orthodontics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14653125251358833","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/8/9 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
The Spacing Index (TSI): A diagnostic classification for spaced dentitions.
Objective: To test the validity and reliability of The Spacing Index (TSI).
Design: A single-centre diagnostic study.
Setting: Orthodontic Department, Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UKMethods:TSI was outlined based on the principle of mild spacing (0-4 mm), moderate spacing (5-8 mm) and severe spacing (>8 mm). A total of 53 anonymised study models were selected as a convenience sample of patients attending hypodontia multidisciplinary clinics. A range of cases with different amounts of spacing in each arch was chosen. Each model was measured by ML-C in millimetres using calibrated Vernier callipers and then subdivided to give the gold standard spacing TSI categorisation of mild, moderate or severe. Two test raters (CB and NM) then visually assessed the same study models and rated the spacing as mild, moderate or severe. Comparison of the gold standard rating and the test rating was made to assess the validity of TSI. The reliability of the index was assessed by both the gold standard and test raters 2 weeks later.
Results: The weighted kappa score was 0.79 (substantial agreement) between the gold standard rater and the test raters for the mild, moderate and severe TSI categories. The weighted kappa scores were greater than 0.80, demonstrating almost perfect intra-observer reliability over time.
Conclusion: The proposed TSI has been shown to be valid and reliable and could be used to categorise spacing during routine orthodontic assessment.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Orthodontics has an international circulation, publishing papers from throughout the world. The official journal of the British Orthodontic Society, it aims to publish high quality, evidence-based, clinically orientated or clinically relevant original research papers that will underpin evidence based orthodontic care. It particularly welcomes reports on prospective research into different treatment methods and techniques but also systematic reviews, meta-analyses and studies which will stimulate interest in new developments. Regular features include original papers on clinically relevant topics, clinical case reports, reviews of the orthodontic literature, editorials, book reviews, correspondence and other features of interest to the orthodontic community. The Journal is published in full colour throughout.
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