Clinical Significance of CD109 Expression and Methylation Patterns in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Introduction: The altered expression of CD109 has been observed in solid tumors of various types, and evidence suggests a correlation between CD109 expression and development and prognosis of tumors. However, the expression and methylation patterns of CD109 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and their clinical significance remain unclear.

Methods: CD109 mRNA expression and promoter methylation were determined in AML patients and leukemia cells. Furthermore, the clinical significance of the findings and the regulatory relationship between expression and methylation of CD109 were analyzed.

Results: CD109 expression was found to be elevated in AML patients, both in publicly available datasets and in our own cohort. Subsequent clinical analysis showed an association between the wild-type form of NPM1 and higher CD109 expression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that AML patients with higher CD109 expression had shorter overall survival times. Furthermore, the CD109 promoter was found to be hypomethylated in AML patients, and further analysis indicated that this hypomethylation led to elevated expression of CD109. We also observed that CD109 mRNA expression and demethylation were markedly decreased in samples from patients with complete remission compared to those from newly diagnosed patients.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that CD109 exhibits elevated expression and hypomethylation in AML, with its expression being regulated by methylation of its promoter region. Furthermore, CD109 could serve as a prognostic indicator as well as a monitoring tool for the therapeutic outcome in AML.