Development of the drinking and physical activity motives scale.

Objective: Research has shown a positive relationship between alcohol use and physical activity. Although little is known about the factors that give rise to this association, evidence suggests intrinsic and extrinsic motivations underlie it. Participants: University students (N = 1691, 79% female, Age: M = 20.36, SD = 1.89) who completed an online assessment. Methods: A literature review identified five putative motives underlying the alcohol use ↔ physical activity relation: (1) Work Hard, Play Hard (WHPH), (2) Stress, (3) Social, (4) Body Image (BI), and (5) Guilt, all domains assessed by the Drinking and Physical Activity Motives (DPAM) scale. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis followed by tests of measurement invariance across gender and race/ethnicity supported a partially invariant factor structure across all subgroups and associations with measures of drinking and physical activity. Conclusions: The DPAM will facilitate a better understanding the alcohol use ↔ physical activity relationship, ultimately enhancing intervention efforts to reduce drinking among college students.