Protective Role of Erzhi Pills in H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Angiogenesis in ARPE-19 Cells.

This research was purposed to explore the role and mechanism of Erzhi pills (EZP) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). TCSMP, PubChem, SwissTargetPrediction, and TargetNet databases were utilized to identify the active ingredients and targets of EZP, while disease targets were obtained from the DISEASES and DisGeNET databases. All identified targets were standardized using the UniProt platform. Overlapping targets between the drug and disease were determined using the Jvenn tool, and these targets were subsequently imported into the STRING database for network analysis. Enrichment analyses were conducted using the gProfiler web tool. The hub gene network was constructed utilizing Cytoscape software. Molecular docking studies were performed to assess the interactions between key components and their respective targets. A total of 16 active ingredients and 310 targets of EZP were identified, with 46 targets overlapping with disease-related targets, which implicated pathways involving inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and HIF-1α signaling. The top five hub genes identified were KDR, STAT3, mTOR, ESR1, and HIF1A. In vitro experiments, the CCK-8 assay, DCFH-DA staining, ELISA, tube formation assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis were conducted to evaluate the cellular biological behaviors and protein expression levels. The results showed that EZP could reduce H₂O₂-induced ROS accumulation, proinflammatory cytokine release, and promote angiogenesis. EZP inactivated HIF-1α pathway. EZP might target HIF-1α pathway to suppress oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis in H₂O₂-exposed ARPE-19 cells.