{"title":"免疫球蛋白M （IgM）结构和功能在脊椎动物中的进化：综述。","authors":"Shun Yang, Lu-Chuan Zhao, Fu-Zhen Guo, Hong-Sen Xu, Meng-Meng Huang, Hui Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110635","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunoglobulin M (IgM), one of the most ancient and conserved antibody classes in vertebrates, plays a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immunity. As the first antibody isotype to emerge in jawed vertebrates, IgM has undergone sophisticated structural and functional adaptations throughout its 500-million-year evolutionary history. This review systematically examines the evolutionary trajectory of IgM from cartilaginous fish to mammals through integrated structural and functional perspectives, elucidating the intrinsic relationship between its multimeric structural variations and functional specialization. Building upon comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge, we propose a novel hypothesis explaining how IgM multimerization patterns co-evolved with functional specialization, and outline promising future research directions. Understanding IgM's evolution provides insights into the origins of adaptive immunity and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":" ","pages":"110635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Evolution of immunoglobulin M (IgM) structure and function in vertebrates: A comprehensive review.\",\"authors\":\"Shun Yang, Lu-Chuan Zhao, Fu-Zhen Guo, Hong-Sen Xu, Meng-Meng Huang, Hui Fei\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110635\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Immunoglobulin M (IgM), one of the most ancient and conserved antibody classes in vertebrates, plays a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immunity. As the first antibody isotype to emerge in jawed vertebrates, IgM has undergone sophisticated structural and functional adaptations throughout its 500-million-year evolutionary history. This review systematically examines the evolutionary trajectory of IgM from cartilaginous fish to mammals through integrated structural and functional perspectives, elucidating the intrinsic relationship between its multimeric structural variations and functional specialization. Building upon comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge, we propose a novel hypothesis explaining how IgM multimerization patterns co-evolved with functional specialization, and outline promising future research directions. Understanding IgM's evolution provides insights into the origins of adaptive immunity and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12127,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Fish & shellfish immunology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"110635\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Fish & shellfish immunology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110635\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/8/5 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"FISHERIES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fish & shellfish immunology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110635","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/8/5 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FISHERIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Evolution of immunoglobulin M (IgM) structure and function in vertebrates: A comprehensive review.
Immunoglobulin M (IgM), one of the most ancient and conserved antibody classes in vertebrates, plays a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immunity. As the first antibody isotype to emerge in jawed vertebrates, IgM has undergone sophisticated structural and functional adaptations throughout its 500-million-year evolutionary history. This review systematically examines the evolutionary trajectory of IgM from cartilaginous fish to mammals through integrated structural and functional perspectives, elucidating the intrinsic relationship between its multimeric structural variations and functional specialization. Building upon comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge, we propose a novel hypothesis explaining how IgM multimerization patterns co-evolved with functional specialization, and outline promising future research directions. Understanding IgM's evolution provides insights into the origins of adaptive immunity and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
期刊介绍：
Fish and Shellfish Immunology rapidly publishes high-quality, peer-refereed contributions in the expanding fields of fish and shellfish immunology. It presents studies on the basic mechanisms of both the specific and non-specific defense systems, the cells, tissues, and humoral factors involved, their dependence on environmental and intrinsic factors, response to pathogens, response to vaccination, and applied studies on the development of specific vaccines for use in the aquaculture industry.
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