Clearing the Air: A Pilot Study of Ventilation Interventions in New York City Nail Salons

Introduction

Exposure to airborne chemicals in nail salons poses occupational and public health risks. Despite a 2015 New York State mandate requiring local and general exhaust ventilation (LEV and GEV) in nail salons, many continue to struggle with compliance. This study evaluates a tailored ventilation intervention to mitigate exposures in New York City salons through more effective use of existing ventilation infrastructure.

Methods

Six nail salons participated. At each salon, we used direct reading instruments to measure baseline total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentrations in air over 1-min intervals for seven consecutive days. Using baseline data, we created an exposure report for each salon and developed an individualized plan to use the salon's existing ventilation systems or other controls (such as opening windows/doors) more effectively to proactively respond to worsening air quality. We then collected an additional seven days of TVOC measurements and compared air quality in salons during operating hours before versus after the intervention.

Results

Intervention effects varied. Salons effectively using LEV and GEV saw TVOC reductions of 16.3%–73.8%, while those relying solely on LEV saw no significant changes in TVOC concentrations. One salon without mechanical ventilation achieved an 82.2% reduction by opening windows/doors.

Conclusions

Optimizing existing ventilation systems can significantly reduce airborne chemical exposures in nail salons, though effectiveness depends on the availability and proper use of ventilation infrastructure. GEV and natural ventilation may be particularly effective and low-cost solutions to improve nail salon air quality, though ambient conditions must be considered when recommending natural ventilation.