Heterostructure Engineering in Metal Sulfides for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Advancing Performance and Stability.

Heterostructure engineering in metal sulfides has emerged as a promising strategy for advancing the performance of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). By leveraging surface functionalization, interface engineering, doping, and vacancy formation, metal sulfide-based heterostructures offer effective strategies to enhance catalytic performance and durability. This review consolidates recent research findings on the application of metal sulfide-based heterostructures in CO2RR pathways and electron transfer mechanisms, providing insights into the properties and performance of these heterostructured catalysts. First, the key mechanistic descriptors of CO2RR are outlined, followed by an examination of the electrocatalytic performances of various metal sulfide-based heterostructures, categorized into Cu sulfides, non-Cu transition metal sulfides (TMSs), and post-TMSs. Finally, future research directions for sustainable CO2 conversion are discussed.