Multidimensional Graphdiyne Structures and Beyond for Energy Conversion and Storage

Graphdiyne (GDY), an emerging 2D all‐carbon material, is composed of sp/sp2 hybridized carbon atoms featuring a highly π‐conjugated structure. This unique material possesses uniform nanopores and distinctive non‐uniform electron distribution, exhibiting exceptional charge transport properties with 2D electron transfer channels and 3D ion diffusion pathways. These remarkable characteristics have garnered significant attention across multiple scientific disciplines. To elucidate the development trajectory of multidimensional GDY, this review begins by tracing the historical evolution of GDY‐based materials. Subsequently, the structural characteristics and synthesis methods of various GDY architectures classified via dimensionality are systematically introduced. Highlights are the comprehensive summary and discussions on the recent advances in multidimensional GDY‐based materials and their applications in diverse energy conversion and storage fields, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, thermocatalysis, energy conversion devices, batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage. At the end of this review, the current challenges and propose potential future directions for multidimensional GDY in catalysis research are discussed. This work aims to facilitate the rational design of high‐performance multidimensional GDY‐based materials and to establish fundamental structure‐property relationships between GDY architectures and their performance in energy conversion and storage applications.