Jianheng Chen, Dashan Zheng, Wanqi Wen, Laura Wieser, Gregor Kiesewetter, Chongjian Wang, Shaohui Zhang, Hualiang Lin
{"title":"2015-2022年中国各省不同行业和燃料类型环境PM2.5导致的死因特异性死亡率负担的时间趋势","authors":"Jianheng Chen, Dashan Zheng, Wanqi Wen, Laura Wieser, Gregor Kiesewetter, Chongjian Wang, Shaohui Zhang, Hualiang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122507","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To estimate the disease-specific mortality burden attributable to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) pollution in China across multiple sectors and fuel types during 2015-2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Greenhouse Gas-Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model was used to estimate PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations in Chinese provinces from seven sectors and five fuel types. The relative risks (RR) of seven diseases were assessed using the Integrated Exposure-Response (IER) model. The number of deaths attributable to PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution (DAPP) and the attributable fraction (AF), representing the proportion of total deaths caused by PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure, were estimated by province, sector, and fuel type, then compared across the years 2015, 2019, 2021, and 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations in China exhibited a gradual decline, the most substantial reductions were observed in household, industry, and agriculture. There were 1,440,000 PM<sub>2.5</sub>-related deaths and 13.8 % AF for China in 2022, with a reduction of 290,000 compared with 2015. The largest reductions among 31 provinces were observed in Henan, followed by Hebei and Shandong, with 27,000, 26,000, and 25,000 decreases, respectively. Additionally, DAPP decreased most in stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD). For different sectors, agriculture, household and industry sectors demonstrated the greatest reductions in DAPP from 2015 to 2022, accounting for 131,000, 130,000, and 72,000, respectively. In 2022, DAPP attributable to coal combustion decreased by 190,000, with the most substantial reduction observed in the household sector. However, DAPP increased by 23,000 in 2022 compared to 2021, despite a continued decline in AF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the substantial public health benefits of emission control measures implemented across multiple sectors in China, including industry, agriculture, and transport. To alleviate the health burden of an aging population, it is necessary and feasible to implement further PM<sub>2.5</sub> control efforts and develop targeted policies for different regions, diseases, and industries in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122507"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Temporal trend of cause-specific mortality burden attributable to ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> from different sectors and fuel types across Chinese provinces during 2015-2022.\",\"authors\":\"Jianheng Chen, Dashan Zheng, Wanqi Wen, Laura Wieser, Gregor Kiesewetter, Chongjian Wang, Shaohui Zhang, Hualiang Lin\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122507\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To estimate the disease-specific mortality burden attributable to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) pollution in China across multiple sectors and fuel types during 2015-2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Greenhouse Gas-Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model was used to estimate PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations in Chinese provinces from seven sectors and five fuel types. The relative risks (RR) of seven diseases were assessed using the Integrated Exposure-Response (IER) model. The number of deaths attributable to PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution (DAPP) and the attributable fraction (AF), representing the proportion of total deaths caused by PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure, were estimated by province, sector, and fuel type, then compared across the years 2015, 2019, 2021, and 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations in China exhibited a gradual decline, the most substantial reductions were observed in household, industry, and agriculture. There were 1,440,000 PM<sub>2.5</sub>-related deaths and 13.8 % AF for China in 2022, with a reduction of 290,000 compared with 2015. The largest reductions among 31 provinces were observed in Henan, followed by Hebei and Shandong, with 27,000, 26,000, and 25,000 decreases, respectively. Additionally, DAPP decreased most in stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD). For different sectors, agriculture, household and industry sectors demonstrated the greatest reductions in DAPP from 2015 to 2022, accounting for 131,000, 130,000, and 72,000, respectively. In 2022, DAPP attributable to coal combustion decreased by 190,000, with the most substantial reduction observed in the household sector. However, DAPP increased by 23,000 in 2022 compared to 2021, despite a continued decline in AF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the substantial public health benefits of emission control measures implemented across multiple sectors in China, including industry, agriculture, and transport. To alleviate the health burden of an aging population, it is necessary and feasible to implement further PM<sub>2.5</sub> control efforts and develop targeted policies for different regions, diseases, and industries in China.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":312,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental Research\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"122507\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-11-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122507\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/8/6 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Research","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122507","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/8/6 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Temporal trend of cause-specific mortality burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 from different sectors and fuel types across Chinese provinces during 2015-2022.
Background: To estimate the disease-specific mortality burden attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in China across multiple sectors and fuel types during 2015-2022.
Methods: The Greenhouse Gas-Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model was used to estimate PM2.5 concentrations in Chinese provinces from seven sectors and five fuel types. The relative risks (RR) of seven diseases were assessed using the Integrated Exposure-Response (IER) model. The number of deaths attributable to PM2.5 pollution (DAPP) and the attributable fraction (AF), representing the proportion of total deaths caused by PM2.5 exposure, were estimated by province, sector, and fuel type, then compared across the years 2015, 2019, 2021, and 2022.
Results: Ambient PM2.5 concentrations in China exhibited a gradual decline, the most substantial reductions were observed in household, industry, and agriculture. There were 1,440,000 PM2.5-related deaths and 13.8 % AF for China in 2022, with a reduction of 290,000 compared with 2015. The largest reductions among 31 provinces were observed in Henan, followed by Hebei and Shandong, with 27,000, 26,000, and 25,000 decreases, respectively. Additionally, DAPP decreased most in stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD). For different sectors, agriculture, household and industry sectors demonstrated the greatest reductions in DAPP from 2015 to 2022, accounting for 131,000, 130,000, and 72,000, respectively. In 2022, DAPP attributable to coal combustion decreased by 190,000, with the most substantial reduction observed in the household sector. However, DAPP increased by 23,000 in 2022 compared to 2021, despite a continued decline in AF.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the substantial public health benefits of emission control measures implemented across multiple sectors in China, including industry, agriculture, and transport. To alleviate the health burden of an aging population, it is necessary and feasible to implement further PM2.5 control efforts and develop targeted policies for different regions, diseases, and industries in China.
期刊介绍：
The Environmental Research journal presents a broad range of interdisciplinary research, focused on addressing worldwide environmental concerns and featuring innovative findings. Our publication strives to explore relevant anthropogenic issues across various environmental sectors, showcasing practical applications in real-life settings.
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