Analysis of physics-based transmission mechanism for air-to-ground wireless communication systems

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) geometry-based stochastic channel model (GBSM) specifically designed for air-to-ground (A2G) communication systems. The proposed model integrates dynamic environmental interactions by modeling the mobilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), ground terminals, and stochastic behaviors of scattering clusters. By capturing UAV trajectory dynamics, including rotation angles and varying flight attitudes, the model accurately reflects the non-stationary characteristics inherent to aerial communication environments. Moreover, dynamic blockage effects caused by buildings, vegetation, and other obstacles commonly encountered in urban and suburban areas are incorporated to enhance environmental realism. Both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) propagation scenarios are considered to comprehensively characterize the channel behavior under diverse operational conditions. Subsequently, analytical expressions for key channel characteristics, including spatial cross-correlation functions (CCFs), temporal auto-correlation functions (ACFs), frequency-correlation functions (FCFs), and channel capacity, are systematically derived and examined. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model effectively characterizes the rapidly time-varying A2G propagation conditions, offering a reliable framework for performance evaluation and optimization in next-generation aerial wireless networks.