基于DS-TWR的高密度单锚超宽带定位系统分层时隙MAC协议的设计与实现

IF 4.8 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI:10.1016/j.adhoc.2025.103980

Xiangyang Li , Yan Tan , Yuanxiao Dang , Jianxin Xu , Senping Tian

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引用次数: 0

摘要

超宽带（UWB）技术具有厘米级的测距精度，已成为资产跟踪、智能仓库和距离感知系统等物联网（IoT）应用的关键推动因素。然而，传统的MAC协议由于信道利用率低和可扩展性有限，难以在受限环境中支持实时、高密度的定位。本文提出了一种新的MAC协议，该协议具有分层时隙机制，可以分层地解耦逻辑（宏）和物理（微）时隙分配。该设计通过非连续资源重用实现了双面双向测距（DS-TWR）交换的有效调度，而不会影响测距精度。引入了一种动态超帧结构，优先考虑无争用周期（CFP）的确定性范围，支持争用访问周期（CAP）的重试，并适应标签间的异构更新速率。理论分析和仿真表明，与基于标准保证时隙（GTS）的协议相比，在标签容量、带宽效率和测距吞吐量方面有了实质性的改进。此外，使用DecaWave DWM1000模块的硬件实现验证了协议的可行性，确认了在现实世界条件下有效的多标签定位。除了定位之外，这种分层时隙机制还可以应用于定位之外的其他领域，其中一个事务需要多个传输和接收。

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Design and implementation of a layered time slot MAC protocol for high-density single-anchor UWB positioning systems using DS-TWR

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, with its centimeter-level ranging accuracy, has become a key enabler for Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as asset tracking, smart warehouses, and proximity-aware systems. However, conventional MAC protocols struggle to support real-time, high-density localization in confined environments due to inefficient channel utilization and limited scalability. This paper proposes a novel MAC protocol featuring a layered time slot mechanism that hierarchically decouples logical (macro) and physical (micro) slot allocations. This design enables efficient scheduling of double-sided two-way ranging (DS-TWR) exchanges through non-contiguous resource reuse, without compromising ranging precision. A dynamic superframe structure is introduced, prioritizing deterministic ranging in the Contention-Free Period (CFP) and supporting retries in the Contention Access Period (CAP), and accommodating heterogeneous update rates across tags. Theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate substantial improvements in tag capacity, bandwidth efficiency, and ranging throughput compared to standard guaranteed time slot (GTS)-based protocols. Furthermore, a hardware implementation using DecaWave DWM1000 modules validates the protocol’s feasibility, confirming effective multi-tag localization under real-world conditions. Beyond positioning, this layered time slot mechanism can also be applied to other domains besides positioning where several transmissions and receptions are necessary for one transaction.

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来源期刊

Ad Hoc Networks 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

4.20%

发文量

131

审稿时长

4.8 months

期刊介绍： The Ad Hoc Networks is an international and archival journal providing a publication vehicle for complete coverage of all topics of interest to those involved in ad hoc and sensor networking areas. The Ad Hoc Networks considers original, high quality and unpublished contributions addressing all aspects of ad hoc and sensor networks. Specific areas of interest include, but are not limited to: Mobile and Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Sensor Networks Wireless Local and Personal Area Networks Home Networks Ad Hoc Networks of Autonomous Intelligent Systems Novel Architectures for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Self-organizing Network Architectures and Protocols Transport Layer Protocols Routing protocols (unicast, multicast, geocast, etc.) Media Access Control Techniques Error Control Schemes Power-Aware, Low-Power and Energy-Efficient Designs Synchronization and Scheduling Issues Mobility Management Mobility-Tolerant Communication Protocols Location Tracking and Location-based Services Resource and Information Management Security and Fault-Tolerance Issues Hardware and Software Platforms, Systems, and Testbeds Experimental and Prototype Results Quality-of-Service Issues Cross-Layer Interactions Scalability Issues Performance Analysis and Simulation of Protocols.