Hydrogel in musculoskeletal diseases: Unraveling trends, research foci, and future trajectories via bibliometric insights (from 2000 to 2025)

Introduction

Hydrogels, owing to their excellent biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and ability to mimic the extracellular matrix, have emerged as promising materials for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, and bone injuries. Recent advancements in smart hydrogels and multifunctional composites have further broadened their applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. However, despite growing interest in this field, current reviews often lack systematic, data-driven insights into the evolving research landscape.

Methods

To address this gap, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer to quantitatively map the development of hydrogel-related research in musculoskeletal disorders over the past two decades. Key parameters analyzed included publication trends, influential countries and institutions, collaborative networks, keyword evolution, and research hotspots.

Results

Our analysis revealed a steady growth in publications, with China and the United States emerging as leading contributors. Prominent institutions and authors were identified, along with landmark publications that have shaped the field. Keyword co-occurrence analysis highlighted emerging themes such as injectable hydrogels, 3D bioprinting, and osteochondral regeneration. The most frequently studied disease targets included osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, and bone defect repair.

Conclusions

This comprehensive bibliometric overview offers valuable insights into the current status and future directions of hydrogel research in musculoskeletal disorders. It highlights key trends, influential contributors, and emerging hotspots, providing a solid foundation for advancing interdisciplinary collaborations and accelerating the clinical translation of hydrogel-based therapies.