All-in-one neuromorphic hardware with 2D material technology: current status and future perspective

The exponential growth of data in the era of big data has led to a surging demand for computing power that outpaces the current pace of expansion in traditional computing architectures. Non-von Neumann architectures have emerged as a promising approach to address this challenge. Concurrently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties, including high carrier mobility, excellent physical responsivity (to photons, gases, tactile stimuli, etc.), and the potential for integration with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the development of 2D material-based sensing devices catering to various human senses, as well as the integration of such devices with computation and memory units. Furthermore, the review delves into the recent advancements in 2D material-based sensing, memory, and computation all-in-one arrays, highlighting their potential for realizing human-mimicking data processing technologies. The perspective underscores the promising avenues and potential applications of 2D materials integrated with CMOS technology in shaping the future landscape of neuromorphic computing and sensory-cognitive systems.