Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Primary caregivers of Preschool children towards Schistosoma mansoni infection in Southern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Background and aims: Despite the growing spread of schistosomiasis among preschool children (pre-SAC), evidence is scarce on caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). The current study investigated the level and determinants of KAP of primary caregivers of pre-SAC towards Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection in southern Ethiopia.

Design and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 887 primary caregivers of pre-SAC. A multistage sampling technique was applied, wherein study participants were selected through a simple random sampling technique. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire was used to collect data at the respondent's home. Multivariable logistic regression with a cluster-robust variance estimation method was used.

Results: The knowledge level of S. mansoni infection among respondents was 358 (37%). Only 486 (54.8%) of caregivers had a favorable attitude, while 513 (57.8%) of caregivers had good practices. Being from the poorest (AOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57-0.99) and poorer (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.47-0.65) households were significant determinants of knowledge. The age range of 23-29 years, not having formal education, and being from the poorest households were significant determinants of attitude. Being unmarried (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36-0.89) and not receiving information about the disease from any source (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.26-0.62) had a significant association with good practice.

Conclusion: The present study revealed a low level of knowledge, unfavorable attitudes, and poor practices about S. mansoni among primary caregivers. To enhance caregivers' KAP, tailored health education is recommended.