Research progress of solid oxide electrolysis cell system: dynamic modeling and control

Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) systems hold significant potential for energy conversion and environmental protection, owing to their high efficiency, ability to utilize renewable energy, and multifunctionality. However, their practical deployment faces numerous challenges, including the complexities of electrochemistry, thermodynamics, and reaction kinetics under high-temperature conditions, as well as the critical need for effective control and operational optimization. Consequently, research in modeling and control is vital for addressing these issues. This paper analyzes the reaction principles of SOEC and summarizes the control requirements arising during system operation. And reviews recent advances in dynamic modeling at both cell and system levels, comparing and evaluating various modeling approaches in terms of their advantages and limitations. The progress in control strategies for both isolated SOEC systems and integrated application systems is summarized, and the performance of different control algorithms is assessed. Finally, the paper discusses the key technical challenges and future directions in SOEC modeling and control, aiming to promote the broader application of SOEC technology in energy conversion.