通过侧深施氮锌肥提高水稻产量、品质和氮素利用率

IF 6.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Haipeng Zhang, Kailiang Mi, Jie Chen, Peiyuan Cui, Hao Lu, Hongcheng Zhang, Yanju Yang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

氮素的地表撒播往往导致氮素流失,降低氮素利用率,危害环境。侧深施肥可以减轻氮素的损失和肥料的使用,但由于氮素可利用性的变化,有时会影响水稻的产量。锌配氮通过氮锌协同作用提高了水稻氮素利用率和产量。然而,侧深施氮加锌对水稻产量、品质和氮素利用的综合影响尚未得到充分研究。为此,在江苏省扬州市进行了为期2年的大田试验,分为5个处理:无N输入对照(CK)、地表投播氮肥(T1)、地表投播氮锌配肥(T2)、侧深氮肥(T3)和侧深氮锌配肥(T4)。与T1相比,T2-T4处理由于穗数、每穗颖数、结实率和千粒重的增加,水稻产量显著提高了4.6 % ~ 7.1 %。T2和T4还促进了灌浆期生物量积累,提高了叶面积指数,延缓了叶片衰老,促进了产量的形成。此外,与T1相比,T4显著提高了关键光合酶(RubisCO、RuBPcase、GoGAT、GS、NR和POD)的活性,提高幅度为23.2% % ~ 54.0% %。这些增加与氮和锌吸收的改善密切相关,从而导致更高的光合效率。T4还能提高糙米率、精米率、精米率和口感值1.5 % ~ 8.0 %,降低白垩粒率6.5 %和白垩度15.9 %,改善稻米品质。氮素回收率(NRE)和地上锌积累量分别提高19.7 %和46.0 %。综上所述,侧深施氮加补锌是提高水稻产量、改善籽粒品质和优化氮素利用的有效农艺策略。这种做法对推进优质高产水稻种植至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Enhancing rice yield, quality and nitrogen utilization through side-deep placement of nitrogen and zinc fertilizers
Nitrogen (N) surface-broadcasting often leads to N loss, reducing N utilization and harming the environment. Side-deep fertilization can mitigate N loss and fertilizer use but may occasionally compromise rice yields due to variable N availability. Integrating zinc (Zn) with N fertilization enhances both N utilization and rice yields through synergistic N-Zn interactions. However, the combined effects of side-deep placement of N with Zn on rice grain yield, quality, and N utilization remain underexplored. Therefore, a two-year field trial was conducted in the Yangzhou district of Jiangsu province, China, with five treatments: control with no N input (CK), surface-broadcast N fertilizer (T1), surface-broadcast combined N and Zn fertilizer (T2), side-deep N fertilizer (T3), and side-deep combined N and Zn fertilizer (T4). Compared with T1, T2-T4 significantly increased rice yield by 4.6 %-7.1 %, driven by higher panicle numbers, spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate, and 1000-grain weight. T2 and T4 also promoted greater biomass accumulation, increased leaf area index, and delayed leaf senescence during grain filling, boosting yield formation. Moreover, T4 significantly enhanced the activities of key photosynthetic enzymes (RubisCO, RuBPcase, GoGAT, GS, NR, and POD) by 23.2 %-54.0 % compared with T1. These increases were closely associated with improved N and Zn uptake, leading to higher photosynthetic efficiency. T4 also improved grain quality by increasing brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, and taste value by 1.5 %-8.0 %, while reducing chalky grain percentage and chalkiness degree by 6.5 % and 15.9 %, respectively. Additionally, N recovery efficiency (NRE) and aboveground Zn accumulation increased by 19.7 % and 46.0 %, respectively. In conclusion, side-deep placement of N with Zn supplementation is a powerful agronomic strategy that enhances rice yield, improves grain quality, and optimizes N utilization. This practice is crucial for advancing high-quality, high-yield rice cultivation.
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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