Assessment of level of public knowledge, attitude, and perception towards sustainable mangrove forest conservation: a case study from Negombo, Sri Lanka

Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role in maintaining ecological equilibrium and strengthening the socio-economic well-being of adjacent communities through provision of resources such as timber, fish, and tourism attraction. Understanding public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions KAP) towards mangrove conservation is vital for planning effective interventions, addressing local priorities, and monitoring their success. This study investigates public KAP regarding sustainable mangrove forest conservation in the Negombo region of Sri Lanka. A survey was conducted among 395 randomly selected residents in eight Grama Niladhari Divisions (GNDs) adjoining the Negombo Lagoon area. Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and community perspectives were assessed through Likert scale correlation analyses using SPSS (version 26) software. Of 395 participants, 51.39 % were males and 48.61 % were females. The study revealed high levels of community knowledge (mean scores 3.92–4.72) about the importance of mangroves. However, attitudes towards conservation exhibited greater variability (mean scores 3.2–4.88). Notably, positive perceptions towards conservation prevailed (mean scores 4.47–4.83). Interestingly, females demonstrated more positive attitudes and perceptions than males, while knowledge levels remained comparable across genders. An overwhelming (96.2 %) number of respondents acknowledged the detrimental impacts of mangrove loss on the environment and local economies, attributing degradation to factors like chemical pollution, illegal clearing, and development activities. Strong positive correlations (knowledge & attitude: r = 0.90, knowledge & perception: r = 0.80, attitude & perception: r = 0.86) underscored the interconnectedness of these factors. Based on the findings, the study recommends scientifically informed mangrove replanting initiatives, coupled with policy adjustments and comprehensive conservation strategies, to ensure the long-term sustainability of these vital ecosystems. These findings offer valuable insights for future research and can inform policy interventions and optimize campaigns for sustainable mangrove management, ultimately benefiting both the environment and local communities.