The King Tuber Medicinal Mushroom Pleurotus tuberregium (Agaricomycetes): A Review on Nutritional Composition, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicity Profile.

Pleurotus tuberregium is an important economic edible mushroom with remarkable nutritional values and medicinal properties. This present review study aims to provide a broad and up-to-date literature on the nutritional composition, bioactive compounds and health-promoting properties of P. tuberregium. P. tuberregium contains a reasonable number of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, dietary fiber, minerals and vitamins. The bioactive phytochemicals in P. tuberregium include kaempferol, quercetin, epicatechin, apigenin, quercitrin, naringin, rutin, isoquercetin, luteolin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin and ellagic acid. Biochemical studies by various authors show that the extract of P. tuberregium has antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and hepatorenal protective effects. This review revealed that P. tuberregium could be used for therapeutic purposes against diseases and as a new material to produce functional foods. However, further studies should be conducted to explore the effective and quality-controlled dosages for the use of this mushroom and to investigate the mechanism of action of the identified bioactive compounds for the treatment of various diseases.