Manifestation and Measurement of Atypical Depression: A Scoping Review

Background

Atypical depression (AD) is one of the commonly experienced depressive subtypes and is predicted to become more prevalent despite the term ‘atypical’, implying that the condition is rare.

Objective

This scoping review synthesises the evidence on the manifestation and measurement of AD.

Design

Quantitative studies published in English that mentioned atypical depression (and related terms) in adults were identified by searching the online databases CINAHL, MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science.

Results

A total of 4498 studies were screened, and data were extracted from 56 publications (N = 139,924). During the review process, five key areas were explored: (a) unique symptomatology, (b) prevalence, (c) group differences, (d) comorbidity and factors associated with AD and (e) the use of existing measures of AD. Mood reactivity and vegetative symptoms were identified as distinct features of the subtype. AD was more common among females and young adults and comorbid with various physiological and psychological conditions. Limited information is available regarding the associated social factors. Moreover, AD is measured using limited, non-standardised, and inconsistent approaches.

Conclusions

Although the evidence confirms that AD is a distinct subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD), it is under-researched. Further research specifically focused on AD is now needed to gain a better understanding of psychosocial aspects of AD and develop psychometrically sound measures to enable accurate screening and diagnosis.