Assessing the Prevalence of Breast Tumors and Associated Abnormalities in Hematological and Coagulation Parameters in the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: This study investigates the prevalence and classifications of breast tumors in the Asir region over the last five years, together with abnormal hematological parameters and coagulation profiles prior to cancer therapy.

Methods: This retrospective analysis, covering the period from 2018 to 2022, was conducted at Asir Central Hospital in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Data on demographics and tumor types were obtained from the medical records of 764 patients. Hematological parameters and coagulation profiles of 94 malignant breast cancer patients and control samples were compared using GraphPad Prism.

Results: The majority of cases were benign breast disease (61%, 473), followed by malignant tumors (38%, 292). The most common benign subtypes were fibroadenoma (53.2%, 252 patients), fibrocystic breast alterations (12.6%, 60 patients), and fibroadenosis (9.9%, 47 patients). Among malignant tumors, invasive ductal carcinoma (82.1%, 240 patients), ductal carcinoma in situ (7.1%, 21 patients), and invasive lobular carcinoma (3.7%, 11 patients) predominated. Malignancy patients had lower HB, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, and HCT, and higher RDW. In addition, INR was significantly lower than the control group.

Conclusions: Over the five-year period ending in 2022, the incidence rate of malignant breast cancer increased in the Asir region. Patients with such cancers show significant abnormalities in hematological parameters and coagulation profiles prior to treatment.