Recent advances in suspension microarray-based multiplexed biosensing technologies integrated with fluorescence signal amplification

A wide range of bioanalytes, such as nucleic acids and proteins, can be simultaneously detected using a suspension microarray. Since these analytes reveal diverse physiological and genetic features, the suspension microarray can contribute to comprehensive applications, including diagnosis and omics. However, conventional suspension microarray retains limited sensitivity due to low detection signals. Recently, diverse fluorescence signal amplification (FSA) strategies have been integrated with the suspension microarray platform to enhance sensitivity and broaden its applicability. This review aims to comprehensively address the recent progress of the FSA-based suspension microarray technologies. After elaborating on the basic concept of the suspension microarray, we introduce diverse FSA-based suspension microarray platforms and discuss their pros and cons. In addition, the diverse practical applications achieved through the FSA-based suspension microarray are co-addressed. Finally, we discuss the future direction of the FSA-based suspension microarray, including the construction of an on-site detection platform and machine learning-assisted integrative analysis.