Central bank announcements and monitoring portfolio risks

This paper examines how FOMC announcements affect portfolio risks by assessing the real-time performance of conditional risk measures—specifically, value-at-risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). Using threshold GARCH models with skewed-$t$ innovations, we study six portfolios spanning equities, bonds, and gold over the period 2006–2019. While model-based risk forecasts generally align with nominal coverage levels, we document significant underperformance surrounding FOMC announcements, particularly when monetary policy (MP) surprises raise medium- and long-term bond yields. In contrast, short-term rate shocks and market-based risk shifts have more modest effects. Violations of VaR thresholds occur disproportionately on the day following announcements, revealing a delayed portfolio response to policy signals. To support risk monitoring, we propose a composite MP news indicator that aggregates the surprise components into a single scalar metric. This indicator effectively anticipates elevated shortfall risk during contractionary announcements and provides early-warning signals relevant for real-time portfolio rebalancing and regulatory stress testing.