{"title":"古蒙古铜冶金的发展:目前的知识状况","authors":"N. Bayarkhuu","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105333","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metallurgy played a pivotal role in the technological and economic development of nomadic societies, with gold, silver, copper, bronze, and iron used to produce a diverse range of artefacts. These objects—including tools, weapons, ceremonial items, chariot and horse fittings, and jewellery—offer valuable insights into trade and exchange networks that connected modern Mongolian territories with neighbouring regions. Despite the growing interest from international scholars and research teams in Mongolian archaeology, archaeometallurgical studies remain underrepresented in Western-language publications. This article addresses this gap by presenting the current state of knowledge on the emergence of copper-based metallurgy in Mongolia. Using the chaîne opératoire approach, we synthesise key research findings on Bronze Age copper metallurgy, including a refined chronology of the Mongolian Bronze Age, an updated distribution map of copper mines, production debris (including mining, smelting, and casting), metal products, and a summary of the cultural and ritual significance of ancient metalworking in Mongolia. By consolidating these studies, we propose future research directions that promise to yield new discoveries, thereby contributing to the rapidly expanding field of Archaeometry research in Mongolia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The development of copper metallurgy in ancient Mongolia: The current state of knowledge\",\"authors\":\"N. Bayarkhuu\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105333\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Metallurgy played a pivotal role in the technological and economic development of nomadic societies, with gold, silver, copper, bronze, and iron used to produce a diverse range of artefacts. These objects—including tools, weapons, ceremonial items, chariot and horse fittings, and jewellery—offer valuable insights into trade and exchange networks that connected modern Mongolian territories with neighbouring regions. Despite the growing interest from international scholars and research teams in Mongolian archaeology, archaeometallurgical studies remain underrepresented in Western-language publications. This article addresses this gap by presenting the current state of knowledge on the emergence of copper-based metallurgy in Mongolia. Using the chaîne opératoire approach, we synthesise key research findings on Bronze Age copper metallurgy, including a refined chronology of the Mongolian Bronze Age, an updated distribution map of copper mines, production debris (including mining, smelting, and casting), metal products, and a summary of the cultural and ritual significance of ancient metalworking in Mongolia. By consolidating these studies, we propose future research directions that promise to yield new discoveries, thereby contributing to the rapidly expanding field of Archaeometry research in Mongolia.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48150,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports\",\"volume\":\"66 \",\"pages\":\"Article 105333\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-02\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X25003669\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"历史学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"0\",\"JCRName\":\"ARCHAEOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X25003669","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"ARCHAEOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
冶金在游牧社会的技术和经济发展中发挥了关键作用,金、银、铜、青铜和铁被用来生产各种各样的人工制品。这些物品——包括工具、武器、仪式用品、战车和马匹配件以及珠宝——为了解现代蒙古领土与邻近地区之间的贸易和交换网络提供了宝贵的见解。尽管国际学者和研究团队对蒙古考古学的兴趣日益浓厚,但在西方语言出版物中,考古冶金学研究的代表性仍然不足。本文通过介绍蒙古铜基冶金出现的知识现状来解决这一差距。使用cha ne opsamatoire方法,我们综合了青铜时代铜冶金的主要研究成果,包括精炼的蒙古青铜时代年表,更新的铜矿分布图,生产碎片(包括采矿,冶炼和铸造),金属产品,以及蒙古古代金属加工的文化和仪式意义的总结。通过巩固这些研究,我们提出了未来的研究方向,有望产生新的发现,从而为蒙古考古测量研究领域的迅速扩大做出贡献。
The development of copper metallurgy in ancient Mongolia: The current state of knowledge
Metallurgy played a pivotal role in the technological and economic development of nomadic societies, with gold, silver, copper, bronze, and iron used to produce a diverse range of artefacts. These objects—including tools, weapons, ceremonial items, chariot and horse fittings, and jewellery—offer valuable insights into trade and exchange networks that connected modern Mongolian territories with neighbouring regions. Despite the growing interest from international scholars and research teams in Mongolian archaeology, archaeometallurgical studies remain underrepresented in Western-language publications. This article addresses this gap by presenting the current state of knowledge on the emergence of copper-based metallurgy in Mongolia. Using the chaîne opératoire approach, we synthesise key research findings on Bronze Age copper metallurgy, including a refined chronology of the Mongolian Bronze Age, an updated distribution map of copper mines, production debris (including mining, smelting, and casting), metal products, and a summary of the cultural and ritual significance of ancient metalworking in Mongolia. By consolidating these studies, we propose future research directions that promise to yield new discoveries, thereby contributing to the rapidly expanding field of Archaeometry research in Mongolia.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports is aimed at archaeologists and scientists engaged with the application of scientific techniques and methodologies to all areas of archaeology. The journal focuses on the results of the application of scientific methods to archaeological problems and debates. It will provide a forum for reviews and scientific debate of issues in scientific archaeology and their impact in the wider subject. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports will publish papers of excellent archaeological science, with regional or wider interest. This will include case studies, reviews and short papers where an established scientific technique sheds light on archaeological questions and debates.