{"title":"连续流水热合成氧化铈基纳米颗粒掺杂的非平衡过程。","authors":"Akira Yoko*, Chunli Han, Ayame Sakonaka, Gimyeong Seong, Takaaki Tomai, Satoshi Ohara and Tadafumi Adschiri*, ","doi":"10.1021/prechem.5c00004","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >The nonequilibrium composition and its formation process are critical aspects of nanoparticle production technology. Understanding the dynamics of nanoparticle formation under nonequilibrium conditions is essential. In this study, Cr-doped CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles are synthesized via continuous-flow hydrothermal synthesis at various temperatures (300, 350, 400 °C) with reaction times precisely controlled on the order of seconds. At the initial stage of particle formation, Cr-rich CeO<sub>2</sub> particles form due to a low surface energy. Over time, the Cr content decreases as the particles relax toward the equilibrium structure. This process yields an unusual nonequilibrium composition through rapid heating and short residence times. Similar nonequilibrium compositions are also observed for other dopants, such as Fe and Eu. Continuous-flow hydrothermal synthesis thus presents an efficient method for fabricating nanomaterials with unique compositions that are unattainable using conventional batch methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":29793,"journal":{"name":"Precision Chemistry","volume":"3 7","pages":"372–379"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308591/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Nonequilibrium Process for Doping Under Continuous-Flow Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cerium Oxide-Based Nanoparticles\",\"authors\":\"Akira Yoko*, Chunli Han, Ayame Sakonaka, Gimyeong Seong, Takaaki Tomai, Satoshi Ohara and Tadafumi Adschiri*, \",\"doi\":\"10.1021/prechem.5c00004\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >The nonequilibrium composition and its formation process are critical aspects of nanoparticle production technology. Understanding the dynamics of nanoparticle formation under nonequilibrium conditions is essential. In this study, Cr-doped CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles are synthesized via continuous-flow hydrothermal synthesis at various temperatures (300, 350, 400 °C) with reaction times precisely controlled on the order of seconds. At the initial stage of particle formation, Cr-rich CeO<sub>2</sub> particles form due to a low surface energy. Over time, the Cr content decreases as the particles relax toward the equilibrium structure. This process yields an unusual nonequilibrium composition through rapid heating and short residence times. Similar nonequilibrium compositions are also observed for other dopants, such as Fe and Eu. Continuous-flow hydrothermal synthesis thus presents an efficient method for fabricating nanomaterials with unique compositions that are unattainable using conventional batch methods.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":29793,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Precision Chemistry\",\"volume\":\"3 7\",\"pages\":\"372–379\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308591/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Precision Chemistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/prechem.5c00004\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Precision Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/prechem.5c00004","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonequilibrium Process for Doping Under Continuous-Flow Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cerium Oxide-Based Nanoparticles
The nonequilibrium composition and its formation process are critical aspects of nanoparticle production technology. Understanding the dynamics of nanoparticle formation under nonequilibrium conditions is essential. In this study, Cr-doped CeO2 nanoparticles are synthesized via continuous-flow hydrothermal synthesis at various temperatures (300, 350, 400 °C) with reaction times precisely controlled on the order of seconds. At the initial stage of particle formation, Cr-rich CeO2 particles form due to a low surface energy. Over time, the Cr content decreases as the particles relax toward the equilibrium structure. This process yields an unusual nonequilibrium composition through rapid heating and short residence times. Similar nonequilibrium compositions are also observed for other dopants, such as Fe and Eu. Continuous-flow hydrothermal synthesis thus presents an efficient method for fabricating nanomaterials with unique compositions that are unattainable using conventional batch methods.
期刊介绍：
Chemical research focused on precision enables more controllable predictable and accurate outcomes which in turn drive innovation in measurement science sustainable materials information materials personalized medicines energy environmental science and countless other fields requiring chemical insights.Precision Chemistry provides a unique and highly focused publishing venue for fundamental applied and interdisciplinary research aiming to achieve precision calculation design synthesis manipulation measurement and manufacturing. It is committed to bringing together researchers from across the chemical sciences and the related scientific areas to showcase original research and critical reviews of exceptional quality significance and interest to the broad chemistry and scientific community.
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