{"title":"伊朗2021年SARS-CoV-2免疫球蛋白G血清流行病学分析","authors":"Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Erfan Ghasemi, Narges Ebrahimi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Naser Ahmadi, Javad Khanali, Ameneh Kazemi, Arezou Dilmaghani-Marand, Yosef Farzi, Moein Yoosefi, Elham Abdolhamidi, Mana Moghimi, Maryam Nasserinejad, Nima Fattahi, Sina Azadnajafabad, Arefe Alipour-Daroei, Kamyar Rezaee, Shirin Djalalinia, Negar Rezaei, Hamidreza Jamshidi, Farshad Farzadfar","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0313795","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple factors challenge PCR test results for COVID-19 infection, and only symptomatic cases have been tested. Thus, a population-based seroprevalence study was necessary to determine the extent of missed cases. The objective of this study was to achieve a realistic infection rate in Iran and probe into some explanations behind being infected or not. In this population-based cross-sectional study, 16,610 adults aged more than 25 with valid serology sample results from 31 provinces from February to April 2021 were included. According to the ELISA kits based on the N antigen of SARS-CoV-2, the seroprevalence of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in Iran was 20.63% (19.71-21.56) and 16.25% (15.11-17.41) based on two different corrections. The age-standardized seroprevalence was relatively high among Kurdistan [30.29% (26.04-34.55) and 28.31% (23-33.61)] and West Azarbayejan [29.33% (24.85-33.8) and 27.11% (21.52-32.68)]. Smoking, higher education, being underweight, male, and single were protective factors, and higher daily interactions was a risk for seropositivity. It is evident that reported infection rates have been misleading. Furthermore, several intervenable factors can predict the risk of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 7","pages":"e0313795"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312912/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"National and sub-national sero-epidemiology of immunoglobulin G against SARS-CoV-2 in Iran in 2021.\",\"authors\":\"Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Erfan Ghasemi, Narges Ebrahimi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Naser Ahmadi, Javad Khanali, Ameneh Kazemi, Arezou Dilmaghani-Marand, Yosef Farzi, Moein Yoosefi, Elham Abdolhamidi, Mana Moghimi, Maryam Nasserinejad, Nima Fattahi, Sina Azadnajafabad, Arefe Alipour-Daroei, Kamyar Rezaee, Shirin Djalalinia, Negar Rezaei, Hamidreza Jamshidi, Farshad Farzadfar\",\"doi\":\"10.1371/journal.pone.0313795\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Multiple factors challenge PCR test results for COVID-19 infection, and only symptomatic cases have been tested. Thus, a population-based seroprevalence study was necessary to determine the extent of missed cases. The objective of this study was to achieve a realistic infection rate in Iran and probe into some explanations behind being infected or not. In this population-based cross-sectional study, 16,610 adults aged more than 25 with valid serology sample results from 31 provinces from February to April 2021 were included. According to the ELISA kits based on the N antigen of SARS-CoV-2, the seroprevalence of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in Iran was 20.63% (19.71-21.56) and 16.25% (15.11-17.41) based on two different corrections. The age-standardized seroprevalence was relatively high among Kurdistan [30.29% (26.04-34.55) and 28.31% (23-33.61)] and West Azarbayejan [29.33% (24.85-33.8) and 27.11% (21.52-32.68)]. Smoking, higher education, being underweight, male, and single were protective factors, and higher daily interactions was a risk for seropositivity. It is evident that reported infection rates have been misleading. Furthermore, several intervenable factors can predict the risk of infection.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20189,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"volume\":\"20 7\",\"pages\":\"e0313795\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-31\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312912/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313795\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"PLoS ONE","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313795","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
National and sub-national sero-epidemiology of immunoglobulin G against SARS-CoV-2 in Iran in 2021.
Multiple factors challenge PCR test results for COVID-19 infection, and only symptomatic cases have been tested. Thus, a population-based seroprevalence study was necessary to determine the extent of missed cases. The objective of this study was to achieve a realistic infection rate in Iran and probe into some explanations behind being infected or not. In this population-based cross-sectional study, 16,610 adults aged more than 25 with valid serology sample results from 31 provinces from February to April 2021 were included. According to the ELISA kits based on the N antigen of SARS-CoV-2, the seroprevalence of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in Iran was 20.63% (19.71-21.56) and 16.25% (15.11-17.41) based on two different corrections. The age-standardized seroprevalence was relatively high among Kurdistan [30.29% (26.04-34.55) and 28.31% (23-33.61)] and West Azarbayejan [29.33% (24.85-33.8) and 27.11% (21.52-32.68)]. Smoking, higher education, being underweight, male, and single were protective factors, and higher daily interactions was a risk for seropositivity. It is evident that reported infection rates have been misleading. Furthermore, several intervenable factors can predict the risk of infection.
期刊介绍:
PLOS ONE is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access, online publication. PLOS ONE welcomes reports on primary research from any scientific discipline. It provides:
* Open-access—freely accessible online, authors retain copyright
* Fast publication times
* Peer review by expert, practicing researchers
* Post-publication tools to indicate quality and impact
* Community-based dialogue on articles
* Worldwide media coverage