人类生物监测和危险职业暴露于野火中多环芳烃的风险:一个重要的审查。

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY
Critical Reviews in Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-01 DOI:10.1080/10408444.2025.2522814
Rafael Araújo Silva, Elizeu Chiodi Pereira, Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio, Maria José Nunes de Paiva, Isarita Martins
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引用次数: 0

摘要

与气候变化相关的全球气温上升加剧了野火发生的频率、持续时间和严重程度,导致人们暴露于一系列有害化合物,包括多环芳烃(PAHs)。野外消防队员的工作涉及接触几种物理、化学和生物危害。本研究评估了野火中多环芳烃暴露对消防员健康的影响。根据PRISMA指南,使用Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus、CINAHL和Lilacs数据库进行了系统的文献综述,涵盖2019年1月至2025年6月。在检索到的766篇论文中,有16篇符合纳入标准。在大多数研究中,生物监测被用于量化暴露的生物标志物水平,特别是单羟基多环芳烃(OH-PAHs),以及半数以上的生物标志物,如生化或细胞变化。大多数研究表明,在模拟烧伤训练或实际野火事件期间,尿多环芳烃代谢物水平在暴露后显著增加(高达12倍)。观察到的主要健康影响是氧化应激、DNA损伤增加、炎症标志物和免疫细胞的改变。呼吸和皮肤暴露途径都很重要,即使使用呼吸保护措施,皮肤吸收也被认为是一个关键途径。然而,目前还没有经过认证的专门用于野火的呼吸个人防护装备(PPE)。考虑到这些发现,建议开发专门的森林消防设备,以减少烟雾暴露。审查强调需要减轻这些风险,因为工人对多环芳烃的身体负担很高,目前的暴露限值可能不够。进一步的职业接触研究,特别是在研究不足、影响较大的地理区域,对于指导公共卫生政策的制定和加强荒地消防员的风险管理战略至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Human biomonitoring and risks of hazardous occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wildland fires: a critical review.

The increase in global temperatures associated with climate change has intensified the frequency, duration, and severity of wildfires, resulting in exposure to a range of hazardous compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The work of wildland firefighters involves exposure to several physical, chemical, and biological hazards. The present study evaluated the health effects of PAH exposure from wildfires on firefighters. A systematic literature review was conducted using the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Lilacs databases, covering the period from January 2019 to June 2025, according to PRISMA guidelines. Out of 766 papers retrieved, 16 met the inclusion criteria. Biomonitoring was employed to quantify the levels of biomarkers of exposure, specifically monohydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs), in most studies, and biomarkers of effect, such as biochemical or cellular changes, in over half of them. Most studies have indicated significant post-exposure increases (up to 12-fold) in urinary PAH metabolite levels, either during simulated burn training or actual wildfire events. The primary health effects observed were oxidative stress, increased DNA damage, and alterations in inflammatory markers and immunological cells. Both respiratory and dermal exposure routes are significant, with dermal absorption identified as a key pathway even when respiratory protection is used. However, there is no specific certified respiratory personal protective equipment (PPE) for use in wildfires. In consideration of these findings, it is recommended that specialized equipment be developed for forest firefighting to reduce smoke exposure. The review highlights the need to mitigate these risks as the workers presented a high body burden of PAHs, and current exposure limits may be insufficient. Further occupational exposure studies, particularly in under-researched, high-impact geographical regions, are crucial to guide the development of public health policies and enhance risk management strategies for wildland firefighters.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
1.70%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: Critical Reviews in Toxicology provides up-to-date, objective analyses of topics related to the mechanisms of action, responses, and assessment of health risks due to toxicant exposure. The journal publishes critical, comprehensive reviews of research findings in toxicology and the application of toxicological information in assessing human health hazards and risks. Toxicants of concern include commodity and specialty chemicals such as formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, and pesticides; pharmaceutical agents of all types; consumer products such as macronutrients and food additives; environmental agents such as ambient ozone; and occupational exposures such as asbestos and benzene.
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