Dietary sugar intervention: A promising approach for cancer therapy

Cancer constitutes a significant global health challenge, with altered metabolism being a hallmark feature of cancer cells. Diet can directly modulate systemic metabolite levels, thereby exerting both direct and indirect influences on tumor progression. The primary mechanisms include: (1) directly altering signaling pathways related to tumor cell proliferation or apoptosis, (2) indirectly affecting tumor progression by modulating nutrient availability or immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment, and (3) influencing tumor development through changes in gut microbiota composition or metabolic activity. Dietary sugars, as integral components of nutritional intake, play crucial roles in providing energy and participating in metabolism and signaling processes. Building upon this understanding, our discussion delves into the impact and mechanisms of dietary sugars, including glucose, fructose, and mannose, on tumors, and investigates potential dietary interventions. We also summarize current clinical applications of these dietary interventions, hoping to contribute to the conceptualization of personalized dietary treatment plans for individuals grappling with cancer.