Alexander R Quadros, Marcela Alvarez Ferretti, Flávio H Baggio Aguiar, Roberta Tarkany Basting
{"title":"美观支架暴露于香烟烟雾和两次清洁处理后的颜色变化和表面降解。","authors":"Alexander R Quadros, Marcela Alvarez Ferretti, Flávio H Baggio Aguiar, Roberta Tarkany Basting","doi":"10.54589/aol.38/1/39","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>During orthodontic treatment, the presence of brackets increases the accumulation of biofilm, which can increase the surface degradation of brackets. Thus, cleaning methods must address removal of both biofilm and stains, specially acquired due to cigarette smoke. Therefore, color change and surface texture of esthetic brackets subjected to cigarette smoke were evaluated before and after use of different cleaning treatments.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three types of conventional esthetic brackets (slot size 0.022\" x 0.028\" and Roth prescription) were evaluated: polycarbonate/P (Composite/Morelli), polycrystalline ceramic/PC (Iceram/Orthometric) and monocrystalline ceramic/MC (Iceram-S/Orthometric). They were exposed to cigarette smoke (Marlboro Red Box) for 5 days in a machine that simulated the oral conditions of a smoker. Then, they were assigned to one of two different cleaning treatments (n=10): a) bicarbonate jet (sodium bicarbonate particles 4 µm in diameter, at pressure 2.3 bar, distance 5 mm, for 10 seconds), or b) Robinson brush, pumice stone and water. Color analyses (CIEL*a*b*, WID, ΔEab, ΔE00 and ΔWID) and surface micromorphology (500 x magnification) were performed before and after exposure to smoke, and after the cleaning treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mixed generalized linear models (α=0.05) showed that after exposure to smoke, all brackets showed a significant decrease in L* (p<0.0001) and WID (p<0.0001), and a significant increase in a* (p<0.05) and b* (p<0.0001), with greater staining for the P brackets (p<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After the cleaning treatments, it was not possible to recover the initial color of the P brackets with the use of a Robinson brush. Although the cleaning treatment partially or completely removed the surface staining, the P brackets showed more extensive surface degradation, especially with use of the bicarbonate jet.</p>","PeriodicalId":93853,"journal":{"name":"Acta odontologica latinoamericana : AOL","volume":"38 1","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317772/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Color change and surface degradation of esthetic brackets after exposure to cigarette smoke and two cleaning treatments.\",\"authors\":\"Alexander R Quadros, Marcela Alvarez Ferretti, Flávio H Baggio Aguiar, Roberta Tarkany Basting\",\"doi\":\"10.54589/aol.38/1/39\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>During orthodontic treatment, the presence of brackets increases the accumulation of biofilm, which can increase the surface degradation of brackets. Thus, cleaning methods must address removal of both biofilm and stains, specially acquired due to cigarette smoke. Therefore, color change and surface texture of esthetic brackets subjected to cigarette smoke were evaluated before and after use of different cleaning treatments.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three types of conventional esthetic brackets (slot size 0.022\\\" x 0.028\\\" and Roth prescription) were evaluated: polycarbonate/P (Composite/Morelli), polycrystalline ceramic/PC (Iceram/Orthometric) and monocrystalline ceramic/MC (Iceram-S/Orthometric). They were exposed to cigarette smoke (Marlboro Red Box) for 5 days in a machine that simulated the oral conditions of a smoker. Then, they were assigned to one of two different cleaning treatments (n=10): a) bicarbonate jet (sodium bicarbonate particles 4 µm in diameter, at pressure 2.3 bar, distance 5 mm, for 10 seconds), or b) Robinson brush, pumice stone and water. Color analyses (CIEL*a*b*, WID, ΔEab, ΔE00 and ΔWID) and surface micromorphology (500 x magnification) were performed before and after exposure to smoke, and after the cleaning treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mixed generalized linear models (α=0.05) showed that after exposure to smoke, all brackets showed a significant decrease in L* (p<0.0001) and WID (p<0.0001), and a significant increase in a* (p<0.05) and b* (p<0.0001), with greater staining for the P brackets (p<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After the cleaning treatments, it was not possible to recover the initial color of the P brackets with the use of a Robinson brush. Although the cleaning treatment partially or completely removed the surface staining, the P brackets showed more extensive surface degradation, especially with use of the bicarbonate jet.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":93853,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Acta odontologica latinoamericana : AOL\",\"volume\":\"38 1\",\"pages\":\"39-48\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317772/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Acta odontologica latinoamericana : AOL\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.54589/aol.38/1/39\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta odontologica latinoamericana : AOL","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.54589/aol.38/1/39","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的:在正畸治疗过程中,托槽的存在增加了生物膜的积累,增加了托槽表面的降解。因此,清洁方法必须解决去除生物膜和污渍,特别是由于香烟烟雾获得。因此,在使用不同的清洁处理前后,评估了美观支架受香烟烟雾影响的颜色变化和表面纹理。材料和方法:评估了三种常规美观支架(槽尺寸为0.022“x 0.028”和Roth处方):聚碳酸酯/P(复合/Morelli),多晶陶瓷/PC (Iceram/Orthometric)和单晶陶瓷/MC (Iceram- s /Orthometric)。他们在模拟吸烟者口腔状况的机器中暴露在香烟烟雾(万宝路红盒)中5天。然后,他们被分配到两种不同的清洁处理(n=10)中的一种:a)碳酸氢钠喷射(碳酸氢钠颗粒直径4微米,压力2.3巴,距离5毫米,持续10秒),或b)罗宾逊刷,浮石和水。颜色分析(CIEL*a*b*, WID, ΔEab, ΔE00和ΔWID)和表面微观形貌(500倍放大)在暴露于烟雾前后和清洁处理后进行。结果:混合广义线性模型(α=0.05)显示,暴露于烟雾后,所有托槽的L*均显著降低(P)。结论:清洗处理后,使用罗宾逊刷无法恢复P托槽的初始颜色。虽然清洗处理部分或完全去除了表面染色,但P托架的表面降解更广泛,特别是使用碳酸氢盐射流时。
Color change and surface degradation of esthetic brackets after exposure to cigarette smoke and two cleaning treatments.
Aim: During orthodontic treatment, the presence of brackets increases the accumulation of biofilm, which can increase the surface degradation of brackets. Thus, cleaning methods must address removal of both biofilm and stains, specially acquired due to cigarette smoke. Therefore, color change and surface texture of esthetic brackets subjected to cigarette smoke were evaluated before and after use of different cleaning treatments.
Materials and methods: Three types of conventional esthetic brackets (slot size 0.022" x 0.028" and Roth prescription) were evaluated: polycarbonate/P (Composite/Morelli), polycrystalline ceramic/PC (Iceram/Orthometric) and monocrystalline ceramic/MC (Iceram-S/Orthometric). They were exposed to cigarette smoke (Marlboro Red Box) for 5 days in a machine that simulated the oral conditions of a smoker. Then, they were assigned to one of two different cleaning treatments (n=10): a) bicarbonate jet (sodium bicarbonate particles 4 µm in diameter, at pressure 2.3 bar, distance 5 mm, for 10 seconds), or b) Robinson brush, pumice stone and water. Color analyses (CIEL*a*b*, WID, ΔEab, ΔE00 and ΔWID) and surface micromorphology (500 x magnification) were performed before and after exposure to smoke, and after the cleaning treatments.
Results: Mixed generalized linear models (α=0.05) showed that after exposure to smoke, all brackets showed a significant decrease in L* (p<0.0001) and WID (p<0.0001), and a significant increase in a* (p<0.05) and b* (p<0.0001), with greater staining for the P brackets (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: After the cleaning treatments, it was not possible to recover the initial color of the P brackets with the use of a Robinson brush. Although the cleaning treatment partially or completely removed the surface staining, the P brackets showed more extensive surface degradation, especially with use of the bicarbonate jet.