Carcinogen exposure patterns and occupational lung cancer in shipyard workers: findings from investigation of work-related disease in South Korea.

Purpose: This study analysed workers diagnosed with primary lung cancer after shipyard employment who applied for compensation benefits in South Korea between 2012 and 2023.

Methods: This retrospective case-series study examined 86 epidemiological investigations of shipyard workers with primary lung cancer, who were referred to the Institute of Occupation and Environment for occupational disease determination between January 2012 and December 2023. Of these, 53 patients determined to have work relatedness (occupational lung cancer) were included as the final participants. Data were extracted from epidemiological investigation reports and statistically analysed to identify the exposure characteristics and general characteristics.

Results: The mean latency periods for lung cancer by carcinogen include asbestos (33.2 years), welding fumes (32.4 years), painting (30.6 years), crystalline silica (29.2 years), hexavalent chromium (25.0 years), and diesel engine exhaust (26.5 years). Asbestos-related lung cancer was predominantly observed during welding (n = 12), ship repair (n = 9), and insulation (n = 4). Welding fume-related cases primarily involved piping and steel outfitting (n = 14), and assembly welding (n = 12). Crystalline silica exposure occurred primarily during power tool grinding (n = 6), with additional cases in painting, cleaning, and grinding tasks.

Conclusions: This study identified specific carcinogen exposure patterns and occupational characteristics associated with lung cancer among Korean shipyard workers. These findings reflect the unique context of Korea's shipbuilding industry and can inform targeted prevention policies and international comparative studies.