Joemer C Maravilla, Shoshanna L Fine, Astha Ramaiya, Mengmeng Li, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Amirah Ellyza Wahdi, Sally Atieno Odunga, Vinh Duc Nguyen, Harvey A Whiteford, David Lawrence, James G Scott, Holly E Erskine
{"title":"肯尼亚、印度尼西亚和越南青少年的社会支持和心理健康：使用国家青少年心理健康调查的潜在阶层分析","authors":"Joemer C Maravilla, Shoshanna L Fine, Astha Ramaiya, Mengmeng Li, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Amirah Ellyza Wahdi, Sally Atieno Odunga, Vinh Duc Nguyen, Harvey A Whiteford, David Lawrence, James G Scott, Holly E Erskine","doi":"10.1186/s13034-025-00923-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a lack of country-level evidence for the association between social support and adolescent mental health while existing studies vary greatly in how they account for the interplay of multiple sources of social support.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilised data from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys, nationally representative surveys of adolescents aged 10-17 years and their primary caregiver in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Patterns of social support among adolescents in each country were assessed using a latent class analysis. The association between the identified social support classes and any mental disorder, suicidal ideation, and self-harm in the past 12 months was assessed using the Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars method, adjusted for demographic characteristics and caregiver mental health. All estimates were weighted to the respective country's population and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three latent social support classes were consistently identified in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: Caregiver-focussed support, Other support, and Limited support. The Caregiver-focussed support class had the highest proportion of adolescents in all three countries (Kenya: 65.3%, 95% CI: 63.0-67.5; Indonesia: 54.0%, 95% CI: 50.4-57.6; Vietnam: 81.6%, 95% CI: 79.0-84.1), although the proportions varied significantly by country. Adolescents in the Caregiver-focussed support class had significantly lower odds of any mental disorder (Kenya: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.25-0.38; Indonesia: aOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.17-0.31; Vietnam: aOR: 0.39, 95 CI%: 0.26-0.57), suicidal ideation (Kenya: aOR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.10-0.19; Indonesia: aOR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.10-0.29; Vietnam: aOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24-0.76) and self-harm (Kenya aOR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04-0.13; Indonesia aOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.47 and Vietnam aOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.09-0.27) compared to the Limited support class. Adolescents belonging to the Other support class also demonstrated lower odds of these outcomes than those in the Limited support class.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The association between social support and poor mental health indicates the critical role of primary caregivers, other family members, and peers in adolescent mental health. These findings highlight the need to develop interventions that leverage an adolescent's existing support networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"19 Suppl 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312257/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Social support and mental health among adolescents in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: A latent class analysis using the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys.\",\"authors\":\"Joemer C Maravilla, Shoshanna L Fine, Astha Ramaiya, Mengmeng Li, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Amirah Ellyza Wahdi, Sally Atieno Odunga, Vinh Duc Nguyen, Harvey A Whiteford, David Lawrence, James G Scott, Holly E Erskine\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s13034-025-00923-3\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a lack of country-level evidence for the association between social support and adolescent mental health while existing studies vary greatly in how they account for the interplay of multiple sources of social support.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilised data from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys, nationally representative surveys of adolescents aged 10-17 years and their primary caregiver in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Patterns of social support among adolescents in each country were assessed using a latent class analysis. The association between the identified social support classes and any mental disorder, suicidal ideation, and self-harm in the past 12 months was assessed using the Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars method, adjusted for demographic characteristics and caregiver mental health. All estimates were weighted to the respective country's population and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three latent social support classes were consistently identified in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: Caregiver-focussed support, Other support, and Limited support. The Caregiver-focussed support class had the highest proportion of adolescents in all three countries (Kenya: 65.3%, 95% CI: 63.0-67.5; Indonesia: 54.0%, 95% CI: 50.4-57.6; Vietnam: 81.6%, 95% CI: 79.0-84.1), although the proportions varied significantly by country. Adolescents in the Caregiver-focussed support class had significantly lower odds of any mental disorder (Kenya: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.25-0.38; Indonesia: aOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.17-0.31; Vietnam: aOR: 0.39, 95 CI%: 0.26-0.57), suicidal ideation (Kenya: aOR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.10-0.19; Indonesia: aOR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.10-0.29; Vietnam: aOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24-0.76) and self-harm (Kenya aOR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04-0.13; Indonesia aOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.47 and Vietnam aOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.09-0.27) compared to the Limited support class. Adolescents belonging to the Other support class also demonstrated lower odds of these outcomes than those in the Limited support class.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The association between social support and poor mental health indicates the critical role of primary caregivers, other family members, and peers in adolescent mental health. These findings highlight the need to develop interventions that leverage an adolescent's existing support networks.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9934,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health\",\"volume\":\"19 Suppl 1\",\"pages\":\"85\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-31\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312257/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-025-00923-3\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PEDIATRICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-025-00923-3","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PEDIATRICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Social support and mental health among adolescents in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: A latent class analysis using the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys.
Background: There is a lack of country-level evidence for the association between social support and adolescent mental health while existing studies vary greatly in how they account for the interplay of multiple sources of social support.
Methods: This study utilised data from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys, nationally representative surveys of adolescents aged 10-17 years and their primary caregiver in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Patterns of social support among adolescents in each country were assessed using a latent class analysis. The association between the identified social support classes and any mental disorder, suicidal ideation, and self-harm in the past 12 months was assessed using the Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars method, adjusted for demographic characteristics and caregiver mental health. All estimates were weighted to the respective country's population and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: Three latent social support classes were consistently identified in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: Caregiver-focussed support, Other support, and Limited support. The Caregiver-focussed support class had the highest proportion of adolescents in all three countries (Kenya: 65.3%, 95% CI: 63.0-67.5; Indonesia: 54.0%, 95% CI: 50.4-57.6; Vietnam: 81.6%, 95% CI: 79.0-84.1), although the proportions varied significantly by country. Adolescents in the Caregiver-focussed support class had significantly lower odds of any mental disorder (Kenya: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.25-0.38; Indonesia: aOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.17-0.31; Vietnam: aOR: 0.39, 95 CI%: 0.26-0.57), suicidal ideation (Kenya: aOR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.10-0.19; Indonesia: aOR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.10-0.29; Vietnam: aOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24-0.76) and self-harm (Kenya aOR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04-0.13; Indonesia aOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.47 and Vietnam aOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.09-0.27) compared to the Limited support class. Adolescents belonging to the Other support class also demonstrated lower odds of these outcomes than those in the Limited support class.
Conclusions: The association between social support and poor mental health indicates the critical role of primary caregivers, other family members, and peers in adolescent mental health. These findings highlight the need to develop interventions that leverage an adolescent's existing support networks.
期刊介绍：
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, the official journal of the International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, is an open access, online journal that provides an international platform for rapid and comprehensive scientific communication on child and adolescent mental health across different cultural backgrounds. CAPMH serves as a scientifically rigorous and broadly open forum for both interdisciplinary and cross-cultural exchange of research information, involving psychiatrists, paediatricians, psychologists, neuroscientists, and allied disciplines. The journal focusses on improving the knowledge base for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of mental health conditions in children and adolescents, and aims to integrate basic science, clinical research and the practical implementation of research findings. In addition, aspects which are still underrepresented in the traditional journals such as neurobiology and neuropsychology of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence are considered.
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