How media discourse constructs the role of new energy policies in addressing energy challenges: A comparative analysis of China and the U.S.

This study explores how new energy policies in China and the U.S. are represented and framed in mass media discourse. Rather than analyzing policy formulation themselves, the study focuses on media narratives, which shape public perceptions, influence stakeholder engagement and reflect national approaches to energy transitions, thus providing insights beyond traditional economics- or technology-centered perspectives. Through a comparative corpus-based analysis of news data, the study identifies distinct framing strategies shaped by national energy policies, governance approaches, and socio-political contexts as reflected in media discourse. The results indicate that Chinese media tend to emphasize structured, long-term planning, technological advancements and international cooperation, which reinforces a positive vision of coordinated progress in renewable energy transitions. In contrast, U.S. media often highlight political polarization, shifting policy priorities and geopolitical competition, underscoring the challenges of fragmented decision-making and the pursuit of energy independence. These differing narratives correspond with broader governance models—China's more centralized and goal-oriented strategy appears associated with large-scale renewable energy deployment, while the U.S. approach, influenced by political cycles and market forces, is often associated with policy volatility and stakeholder-driven innovation. The findings suggest correlations between governance styles and media framing patterns, where centralized planning may facilitate rapid infrastructure development and global partnerships, whereas decentralized governance encourages technological diversification and public discourse. By illustrating how media discourse reflects energy transitions, this study contributes to broader discussions on global sustainability, policy integration, and the evolving role of media in energy governance.