Yang Bai, Juanjuan Su, Fan Wang, Huijing Cui, Hongjie Zhang, Kai Liu
{"title":"利用合成生物学从电子废物中可持续回收关键金属材料","authors":"Yang Bai, Juanjuan Su, Fan Wang, Huijing Cui, Hongjie Zhang, Kai Liu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202509900","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of electronic waste (E‐waste) has positioned it as the fastest‐growing waste stream globally, containing valuable reserves of rare earth elements, precious metals, and critical raw materials. While conventional pyro‐ and hydrometallurgical processes dominate current recycling practices, their energy‐demanding operations and reliance on toxic reagents raise substantial ecological concerns. Synthetic‐biology‐based bioremediation offers a promising alternative, utilizing genetically modified microorganisms for selective bioleaching, biosorption, and bioaccumulation. Cutting‐edge advances in metabolic pathway engineering and synthetic gene circuits have significantly improved microbial capabilities, enabling higher metal selectivity, enhanced tolerance to acidic conditions, and faster recovery kinetics in complex E‐waste matrices. Nevertheless, critical bottlenecks persist in maintaining microbial consortia stability under industrial conditions, in achieving phase‐selective extraction from polymetallic waste streams, and scaling up continuous bioreactor operations. This review systematically evaluates advancements in microbial chassis for E‐waste recycling, focusing on genome editing tools and enzyme optimization. A synergistic framework combining protein engineering, adaptive laboratory evolution, and hybrid bioelectrochemical system reactors is further proposed to overcome existing limitations. Implementing these engineered biological systems can transform urban mining practices, supporting circular economy goals through efficient metal recovery and resource reuse.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Harnessing Synthetic Biology for Sustainable Recovery of Critical Metal Materials from Electronic Waste\",\"authors\":\"Yang Bai, Juanjuan Su, Fan Wang, Huijing Cui, Hongjie Zhang, Kai Liu\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/adfm.202509900\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The rapid expansion of electronic waste (E‐waste) has positioned it as the fastest‐growing waste stream globally, containing valuable reserves of rare earth elements, precious metals, and critical raw materials. While conventional pyro‐ and hydrometallurgical processes dominate current recycling practices, their energy‐demanding operations and reliance on toxic reagents raise substantial ecological concerns. Synthetic‐biology‐based bioremediation offers a promising alternative, utilizing genetically modified microorganisms for selective bioleaching, biosorption, and bioaccumulation. Cutting‐edge advances in metabolic pathway engineering and synthetic gene circuits have significantly improved microbial capabilities, enabling higher metal selectivity, enhanced tolerance to acidic conditions, and faster recovery kinetics in complex E‐waste matrices. Nevertheless, critical bottlenecks persist in maintaining microbial consortia stability under industrial conditions, in achieving phase‐selective extraction from polymetallic waste streams, and scaling up continuous bioreactor operations. 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Harnessing Synthetic Biology for Sustainable Recovery of Critical Metal Materials from Electronic Waste
The rapid expansion of electronic waste (E‐waste) has positioned it as the fastest‐growing waste stream globally, containing valuable reserves of rare earth elements, precious metals, and critical raw materials. While conventional pyro‐ and hydrometallurgical processes dominate current recycling practices, their energy‐demanding operations and reliance on toxic reagents raise substantial ecological concerns. Synthetic‐biology‐based bioremediation offers a promising alternative, utilizing genetically modified microorganisms for selective bioleaching, biosorption, and bioaccumulation. Cutting‐edge advances in metabolic pathway engineering and synthetic gene circuits have significantly improved microbial capabilities, enabling higher metal selectivity, enhanced tolerance to acidic conditions, and faster recovery kinetics in complex E‐waste matrices. Nevertheless, critical bottlenecks persist in maintaining microbial consortia stability under industrial conditions, in achieving phase‐selective extraction from polymetallic waste streams, and scaling up continuous bioreactor operations. This review systematically evaluates advancements in microbial chassis for E‐waste recycling, focusing on genome editing tools and enzyme optimization. A synergistic framework combining protein engineering, adaptive laboratory evolution, and hybrid bioelectrochemical system reactors is further proposed to overcome existing limitations. Implementing these engineered biological systems can transform urban mining practices, supporting circular economy goals through efficient metal recovery and resource reuse.
期刊介绍:
Firmly established as a top-tier materials science journal, Advanced Functional Materials reports breakthrough research in all aspects of materials science, including nanotechnology, chemistry, physics, and biology every week.
Advanced Functional Materials is known for its rapid and fair peer review, quality content, and high impact, making it the first choice of the international materials science community.