3D-printed plugs enhance cell usage efficiency for single-cell migration and neuron axon guidance assays.

This paper reports a 3D-printed plug as a meso-scale interface solution that minimizes sample loss and enhances cell usage efficiency, seamlessly connecting microfluidic systems to conventional well plates. The plug concentrates cells near the region of interest for chemotaxis, reducing cell number requirements and featuring tapered structures for efficient manual or robotic liquid handling. Comprehensive testing showed that the plug increased cell usage efficiency in single-cell migration assays by 8-fold, maintaining accuracy and sensitivity. We also extended our approach to neuron axon guidance assays, where limited cell availability is a constraint, and observed substantial improvements in assay outcomes. This integration of 3D printing with microfluidics establishes low-loss interfaces for precious samples, advancing the capabilities of microfluidic technology.