玉米减数分裂纺锤体超微结构显示着丝点-微管界面和嵌入膜成分。

IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY
Subin Myong, Jenna K Cosby, Brianna N Padilla, David M Opozda, Jacob D Kahn, Naima Akter, Eileen T O Apos Toole, Natalie J Nannas
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引用次数: 0

摘要

纺锤体是基于微管的机器,其主要功能是在有丝分裂和减数分裂细胞分裂中准确分离染色体。纺锤体的结构对其功能至关重要;形态上的错误或与染色体的附着导致非整倍体,可能导致疾病、不育和死亡。电子显微镜研究已经在许多植物和动物物种中获得了精细的纺锤体超微结构,但尚未有研究对Z.mays这一重要的作物和细胞遗传学模型系统进行研究。方法:利用电子断层扫描(ET)、重建和计算机建模技术,获得Z.mays减数分裂纺锤体的三维纳米分辨率。微管、着丝点、囊泡、膜通道和核膜等结构通过部分纺锤体重建建模,并使用免疫染色和活荧光显微镜进行确认。结果:ET发现玉米纺锤体每个着丝点含有8-18个着丝点微管(kmt),直径约为776nm,深度约为316nm。小的~37nm的囊泡,以及较大的(~5µm长,800nm宽)膜通道,对er标记PDI(蛋白二硫异构酶)染色呈阳性。前期减数分裂细胞成像显示,在核包膜外表面的核周环上有一个交叉孔的微管排列,其中也含有从核到细胞质的跨核微管的II型核园。结论:Z.mays减数分裂纺锤体与动物纺锤体相似,具有相当数量的kmt和纺锤体前的跨核微管,但也具有植物特有的特征,如高尔基衍生的囊泡,有助于细胞板的形成,内质网膜通道和有助于纺锤体组装的核周微管环。玉米着丝点具有一个杯状的电子扩散球,其大小与果蝇着丝点相当,比哺乳动物着丝点大。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Zea mays Meiotic Spindle Ultrastructure Reveals Kinetochore-Microtubule Interface and Embedded Membrane Components.

Introduction: Spindles are microtubules-based machines whose primary function is to accurately segregate chromosomes in both mitotic and meiotic cell division. The structure of spindles is critical for their function; errors in morphology or attachment to chromosomes lead to aneuploidy, potentially resulting in disease, infertility, and lethality. Electron microscopy studies have yielded fine-detail spindle ultrastructures in many plant and animal species, but no studies have investigated the spindle of Zea mays, a critical crop, and cytogenetic model system.

Methods: Here we use electron tomography (ET), reconstruction, and modeling to obtain three-dimensional, nanometer-resolution of the Z. mays meiotic spindle. Structures such as microtubules, kinetochores, vesicles, membrane channels, and nuclear envelope were modeled through a partial spindle reconstruction, and confirmed using immunostaining and live fluorescence microscopy.

Results: ET revealed that maize spindles contain 8-18 kinetochore microtubules (kMTs) per kinetochore, which are approximately 776 nm in diameter and 316 nm in depth. Small ∼37 nm vesicles were identified, as well as larger (∼5 µm long, 800 nm wide) membrane structures with channels that allow spindle microtubules to pass through. These membrane channels stain positively for the ER-marker protein disulfide isomerase. Imaging of prophase meiotic cells revealed a cross-hatch microtubule arrangement in the perinuclear ring on the external surface of the nuclear envelope, which also contained type II nuclear grooves with transnuclear microtubules passing from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Conclusions: Z. mays meiotic spindles are similar to animal counterparts with a comparable number of kMTs and pre-spindle transnuclear microtubules but also plant-specific features such as Golgi-derived vesicles to assist cell plate formation, internal ER membrane channels, and a perinuclear microtubule ring that aids spindle assembly. Maize kinetochores have an electron-diffuse ball in cup morphology that is comparable in size to Drosophila kinetochores and larger than mammalian kinetochores.

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来源期刊
Cytogenetic and Genome Research
Cytogenetic and Genome Research 生物-细胞生物学
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
5.90%
发文量
25
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: During the last decades, ''Cytogenetic and Genome Research'' has been the leading forum for original reports and reviews in human and animal cytogenetics, including molecular, clinical and comparative cytogenetics. In recent years, most of its papers have centered on genome research, including gene cloning and sequencing, gene mapping, gene regulation and expression, cancer genetics, comparative genetics, gene linkage and related areas. The journal also publishes key papers on chromosome aberrations in somatic, meiotic and malignant cells. Its scope has expanded to include studies on invertebrate and plant cytogenetics and genomics. Also featured are the vast majority of the reports of the International Workshops on Human Chromosome Mapping, the reports of international human and animal chromosome nomenclature committees, and proceedings of the American and European cytogenetic conferences and other events. In addition to regular issues, the journal has been publishing since 2002 a series of topical issues on a broad variety of themes from cytogenetic and genome research.
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