Simulation method of the functional density cellular automaton for non-uniform flow in bubbling fluidized beds

This paper presents a functional density cellular automaton model that conveniently expresses the clustering effect between gas and solid phases. The study simulates the settlement process of single particles and validates the correctness and effectiveness of the functional density approach for gas-solid interactions by comparing with findings in existing literature. The model also investigates the fluidization states of solid particles under varying gas and solid densities. Results indicate that solid particles experience fluctuating resultant forces due to the combined effects of gravity and drag. The magnitude of resultant force increases with solid density, while initially decreasing and then increasing with gas density. When solid particles rise within the fluidized system, their force fluctuations diminish overall. The new model offers unique advantages in characterizing the microscopic behavior of gas-solid interactions in fluidized systems, providing new insights into fluidization mechanisms.