Andres E Carrillo, Petros C Dinas, Paraskevi Gkiata, Alexa R Ferri, Glen P Kenny, Yiannis Koutedakis, Athanasios Z Jamurtas, George S Metsios, Andreas D Flouris
{"title":"中青年男性运动训练和去训练后心率变异性的探索性研究。","authors":"Andres E Carrillo, Petros C Dinas, Paraskevi Gkiata, Alexa R Ferri, Glen P Kenny, Yiannis Koutedakis, Athanasios Z Jamurtas, George S Metsios, Andreas D Flouris","doi":"10.3390/biology14070794","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in young and middle-aged men after a period of detraining that immediately followed the completion of an exercise training program. Eight young (27.8 ± 3.8 years) and ten middle-aged (41.9 ± 3.8 years) men were randomly assigned to complete an 8-week exercise training program that included either aerobic (young: <i>n</i> = 3; middle-aged: <i>n</i> = 2), resistance (young: <i>n</i> = 3; middle-aged: <i>n</i> = 3), or combined (aerobic/resistance) (young: <i>n</i> = 2; middle-aged: <i>n</i> = 5) exercise. Thereafter, participants ceased all planned exercise training activities during an 8-week detraining period. Resting HR and HRV were assessed at baseline, after exercise training, and after detraining. An analysis of mean differences between age groups at each time-point revealed a significantly higher standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean of squared differences between successive RR intervals (RMSSD), high-frequency (HF) band (0.15-0.40 Hz), and cardiac vagal index (CVI) in young participants when compared to middle-aged participants at baseline (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.019) and after detraining (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.045), but not after the 8-week exercise training intervention (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.057). Additionally, in middle-aged participants, we observed a significant negative association between the percent change in HRV indices (RMSSD, HF, and CVI) and systolic blood pressure in response to detraining (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, young participants had higher levels of HRV indices at baseline, reflecting greater cardiac vagal modulation when compared to middle-aged participants. We showed that these age-related differences in HRV are diminished following exercise training but are reestablished following 8 weeks of detraining. Given that age-related attenuations in HRV may reflect changes in cardiovascular health, it is important to further investigate the relationships between HRV, exercise training and detraining, aging, and the risk of poor health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"An Exploratory Investigation of Heart Rate Variability in Response to Exercise Training and Detraining in Young and Middle-Aged Men.\",\"authors\":\"Andres E Carrillo, Petros C Dinas, Paraskevi Gkiata, Alexa R Ferri, Glen P Kenny, Yiannis Koutedakis, Athanasios Z Jamurtas, George S Metsios, Andreas D Flouris\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/biology14070794\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>We examined heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in young and middle-aged men after a period of detraining that immediately followed the completion of an exercise training program. Eight young (27.8 ± 3.8 years) and ten middle-aged (41.9 ± 3.8 years) men were randomly assigned to complete an 8-week exercise training program that included either aerobic (young: <i>n</i> = 3; middle-aged: <i>n</i> = 2), resistance (young: <i>n</i> = 3; middle-aged: <i>n</i> = 3), or combined (aerobic/resistance) (young: <i>n</i> = 2; middle-aged: <i>n</i> = 5) exercise. Thereafter, participants ceased all planned exercise training activities during an 8-week detraining period. Resting HR and HRV were assessed at baseline, after exercise training, and after detraining. An analysis of mean differences between age groups at each time-point revealed a significantly higher standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean of squared differences between successive RR intervals (RMSSD), high-frequency (HF) band (0.15-0.40 Hz), and cardiac vagal index (CVI) in young participants when compared to middle-aged participants at baseline (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.019) and after detraining (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.045), but not after the 8-week exercise training intervention (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.057). Additionally, in middle-aged participants, we observed a significant negative association between the percent change in HRV indices (RMSSD, HF, and CVI) and systolic blood pressure in response to detraining (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, young participants had higher levels of HRV indices at baseline, reflecting greater cardiac vagal modulation when compared to middle-aged participants. We showed that these age-related differences in HRV are diminished following exercise training but are reestablished following 8 weeks of detraining. Given that age-related attenuations in HRV may reflect changes in cardiovascular health, it is important to further investigate the relationships between HRV, exercise training and detraining, aging, and the risk of poor health outcomes.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48624,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Biology-Basel\",\"volume\":\"14 7\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Biology-Basel\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070794\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biology-Basel","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070794","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
An Exploratory Investigation of Heart Rate Variability in Response to Exercise Training and Detraining in Young and Middle-Aged Men.
We examined heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in young and middle-aged men after a period of detraining that immediately followed the completion of an exercise training program. Eight young (27.8 ± 3.8 years) and ten middle-aged (41.9 ± 3.8 years) men were randomly assigned to complete an 8-week exercise training program that included either aerobic (young: n = 3; middle-aged: n = 2), resistance (young: n = 3; middle-aged: n = 3), or combined (aerobic/resistance) (young: n = 2; middle-aged: n = 5) exercise. Thereafter, participants ceased all planned exercise training activities during an 8-week detraining period. Resting HR and HRV were assessed at baseline, after exercise training, and after detraining. An analysis of mean differences between age groups at each time-point revealed a significantly higher standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean of squared differences between successive RR intervals (RMSSD), high-frequency (HF) band (0.15-0.40 Hz), and cardiac vagal index (CVI) in young participants when compared to middle-aged participants at baseline (p ≤ 0.019) and after detraining (p ≤ 0.045), but not after the 8-week exercise training intervention (p ≥ 0.057). Additionally, in middle-aged participants, we observed a significant negative association between the percent change in HRV indices (RMSSD, HF, and CVI) and systolic blood pressure in response to detraining (p < 0.05). In conclusion, young participants had higher levels of HRV indices at baseline, reflecting greater cardiac vagal modulation when compared to middle-aged participants. We showed that these age-related differences in HRV are diminished following exercise training but are reestablished following 8 weeks of detraining. Given that age-related attenuations in HRV may reflect changes in cardiovascular health, it is important to further investigate the relationships between HRV, exercise training and detraining, aging, and the risk of poor health outcomes.
期刊介绍:
Biology (ISSN 2079-7737) is an international, peer-reviewed, quick-refereeing open access journal of Biological Science published by MDPI online. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications in all areas of biology and at the interface of related disciplines. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.