{"title":"所有的赌注都是对的：痴迷，参与，以及体育博彩行为中的道德紧张。","authors":"Ronald A Yaros","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1608414","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As legalized sports betting becomes increasingly integrated into American sports culture-particularly within the NFL-concerns have emerged about how such practices influence fans' emotional engagement, behavioral dependency, and moral judgment. This study investigates age-based variation in betting behaviors and identifies key predictors of media consumption, perceived dependency, and concern for others' gambling habits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey (<i>N</i>= 492) was administered in 2024 using snowball sampling to recruit NFL fans. Branching logic ensured that only those with direct sports betting experience completed all attitudinal questions. Fifteen Likert-scale items measured cognitive, behavioral, and emotional responses to betting. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified latent constructs, and multiple regression models tested four research questions related to fan engagement, moral concern, dependency, and intervention attitudes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EFA revealed four dimensions: Personal Betting Habits, Betting-Driven Enjoyment, Concern for Others, and Perceived Social Addiction. Perceived obsession with betting was the only consistent and strong predictor of increased sports media engagement. Demographic factors such as age and gender were not significant predictors. Concern for others' gambling behavior was only weakly related to personal dependency and confrontation attitudes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings suggest a form of cognitive dissonance among sports bettors, who may recognize problematic behavior in others but refrain from acting on it, especially when they are highly engaged themselves. This study contributes a multidimensional model of betting-related engagement and highlights the need for improved psychometrics, stakeholder awareness, and future longitudinal research on the psychological complexities of sports gambling.</p>","PeriodicalId":12525,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1608414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301884/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"All bets are on: obsession, engagement, and moral tension in sports betting behavior.\",\"authors\":\"Ronald A Yaros\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1608414\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As legalized sports betting becomes increasingly integrated into American sports culture-particularly within the NFL-concerns have emerged about how such practices influence fans' emotional engagement, behavioral dependency, and moral judgment. This study investigates age-based variation in betting behaviors and identifies key predictors of media consumption, perceived dependency, and concern for others' gambling habits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey (<i>N</i>= 492) was administered in 2024 using snowball sampling to recruit NFL fans. Branching logic ensured that only those with direct sports betting experience completed all attitudinal questions. Fifteen Likert-scale items measured cognitive, behavioral, and emotional responses to betting. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified latent constructs, and multiple regression models tested four research questions related to fan engagement, moral concern, dependency, and intervention attitudes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EFA revealed four dimensions: Personal Betting Habits, Betting-Driven Enjoyment, Concern for Others, and Perceived Social Addiction. Perceived obsession with betting was the only consistent and strong predictor of increased sports media engagement. Demographic factors such as age and gender were not significant predictors. Concern for others' gambling behavior was only weakly related to personal dependency and confrontation attitudes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings suggest a form of cognitive dissonance among sports bettors, who may recognize problematic behavior in others but refrain from acting on it, especially when they are highly engaged themselves. This study contributes a multidimensional model of betting-related engagement and highlights the need for improved psychometrics, stakeholder awareness, and future longitudinal research on the psychological complexities of sports gambling.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12525,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Frontiers in Psychology\",\"volume\":\"16 \",\"pages\":\"1608414\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301884/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Frontiers in Psychology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"102\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1608414\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"心理学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Psychology","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1608414","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
All bets are on: obsession, engagement, and moral tension in sports betting behavior.
Introduction: As legalized sports betting becomes increasingly integrated into American sports culture-particularly within the NFL-concerns have emerged about how such practices influence fans' emotional engagement, behavioral dependency, and moral judgment. This study investigates age-based variation in betting behaviors and identifies key predictors of media consumption, perceived dependency, and concern for others' gambling habits.
Methods: A cross-sectional online survey (N= 492) was administered in 2024 using snowball sampling to recruit NFL fans. Branching logic ensured that only those with direct sports betting experience completed all attitudinal questions. Fifteen Likert-scale items measured cognitive, behavioral, and emotional responses to betting. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified latent constructs, and multiple regression models tested four research questions related to fan engagement, moral concern, dependency, and intervention attitudes.
Results: EFA revealed four dimensions: Personal Betting Habits, Betting-Driven Enjoyment, Concern for Others, and Perceived Social Addiction. Perceived obsession with betting was the only consistent and strong predictor of increased sports media engagement. Demographic factors such as age and gender were not significant predictors. Concern for others' gambling behavior was only weakly related to personal dependency and confrontation attitudes.
Discussion: Findings suggest a form of cognitive dissonance among sports bettors, who may recognize problematic behavior in others but refrain from acting on it, especially when they are highly engaged themselves. This study contributes a multidimensional model of betting-related engagement and highlights the need for improved psychometrics, stakeholder awareness, and future longitudinal research on the psychological complexities of sports gambling.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Psychology is the largest journal in its field, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the psychological sciences, from clinical research to cognitive science, from perception to consciousness, from imaging studies to human factors, and from animal cognition to social psychology. Field Chief Editor Axel Cleeremans at the Free University of Brussels is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide. The journal publishes the best research across the entire field of psychology. Today, psychological science is becoming increasingly important at all levels of society, from the treatment of clinical disorders to our basic understanding of how the mind works. It is highly interdisciplinary, borrowing questions from philosophy, methods from neuroscience and insights from clinical practice - all in the goal of furthering our grasp of human nature and society, as well as our ability to develop new intervention methods.
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