The regulation of gut microbiota and urate lowering: A study on the mechanisms of action of probiotics and plant components

The gut microbiota system serves as a "barometer" of human health, with significant differences observed in the intestinal microbiome between individuals with hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout compared to those in the general population. This article comprehensively reviews the correlation between gut microbiota and HUA and uric acid-lowering substances that regulate the gut microbiota. It elucidates the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of HUA associated with the gut microbiota. It summarizes the effects and mechanisms through which probiotics, plant polysaccharides, and plant small molecular compounds reduce serum uric acid by modulating the gut microbiota. It is hoped that this review will provide a theoretical basis for the development of strategies for uric acid-lowering drugs targeting the gut microbiota, serving as a reference for subsequent in-depth research.