Atena Abed, Merat Karimi, Majid Nejati, Michael R Hamblin, Seyed Abbas Mirzaei, Mostafa Sarvizadeh, Hamed Mirzaei
{"title":"5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)包被铂纳米颗粒的合成及其对人胶质瘤细胞凋亡的影响。","authors":"Atena Abed, Merat Karimi, Majid Nejati, Michael R Hamblin, Seyed Abbas Mirzaei, Mostafa Sarvizadeh, Hamed Mirzaei","doi":"10.1186/s12935-025-03893-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent; however, its clinical application is often limited by systemic toxicity and the development of drug resistance. To enhance its therapeutic efficacy, novel drug delivery strategies are under investigation. This study evaluated the use of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) as a nanocarrier system for 5-FU delivery to glioblastoma cells, focusing on their effects on apoptosis-related proteins.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The binding affinity and interactions of 5-FU with key apoptotic proteins (BAX, Bcl2, and Caspase-3) were assessed using molecular docking and validated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. PtNPs were synthesized and characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were determined, and cytotoxicity assays were conducted in U87 glioblastoma cells. The expression levels of apoptosis-related genes and proteins were evaluated to determine the biological impact of the formulations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Docking results confirmed effective binding of 5-FU to Bcl2, Caspase-3, and BAX, with MD simulations supporting stable complex formation, particularly with Bcl2 and Caspase-3. The synthesized PtNPs exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, including uniform morphology and high drug loading efficiency. In vitro release studies revealed a sustained release profile for the PtNPs/5-FU formulation. Furthermore, PtNPs/5-FU significantly downregulated the expression of EMT- and proliferation-related genes (cyclin D1, ZEB1, and Twist) and suppressed Bcl2 protein levels, resulting in enhanced apoptosis in U87 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PtNPs effectively functioned as a delivery platform for 5-FU, improving its release kinetics and promoting apoptotic responses while potentially minimizing systemic toxicity. These findings support further exploration of PtNP-based drug delivery systems as a promising strategy for glioblastoma treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9385,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cell International","volume":"25 1","pages":"280"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291401/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Synthesis of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) coated platinum nanoparticles and apoptotic effects on U87 human glioblastoma cells.\",\"authors\":\"Atena Abed, Merat Karimi, Majid Nejati, Michael R Hamblin, Seyed Abbas Mirzaei, Mostafa Sarvizadeh, Hamed Mirzaei\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12935-025-03893-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent; however, its clinical application is often limited by systemic toxicity and the development of drug resistance. To enhance its therapeutic efficacy, novel drug delivery strategies are under investigation. This study evaluated the use of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) as a nanocarrier system for 5-FU delivery to glioblastoma cells, focusing on their effects on apoptosis-related proteins.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The binding affinity and interactions of 5-FU with key apoptotic proteins (BAX, Bcl2, and Caspase-3) were assessed using molecular docking and validated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. PtNPs were synthesized and characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were determined, and cytotoxicity assays were conducted in U87 glioblastoma cells. The expression levels of apoptosis-related genes and proteins were evaluated to determine the biological impact of the formulations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Docking results confirmed effective binding of 5-FU to Bcl2, Caspase-3, and BAX, with MD simulations supporting stable complex formation, particularly with Bcl2 and Caspase-3. The synthesized PtNPs exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, including uniform morphology and high drug loading efficiency. In vitro release studies revealed a sustained release profile for the PtNPs/5-FU formulation. Furthermore, PtNPs/5-FU significantly downregulated the expression of EMT- and proliferation-related genes (cyclin D1, ZEB1, and Twist) and suppressed Bcl2 protein levels, resulting in enhanced apoptosis in U87 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PtNPs effectively functioned as a delivery platform for 5-FU, improving its release kinetics and promoting apoptotic responses while potentially minimizing systemic toxicity. These findings support further exploration of PtNP-based drug delivery systems as a promising strategy for glioblastoma treatment.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9385,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Cancer Cell International\",\"volume\":\"25 1\",\"pages\":\"280\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291401/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Cancer Cell International\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03893-w\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ONCOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cancer Cell International","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03893-w","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ONCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthesis of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) coated platinum nanoparticles and apoptotic effects on U87 human glioblastoma cells.
Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent; however, its clinical application is often limited by systemic toxicity and the development of drug resistance. To enhance its therapeutic efficacy, novel drug delivery strategies are under investigation. This study evaluated the use of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) as a nanocarrier system for 5-FU delivery to glioblastoma cells, focusing on their effects on apoptosis-related proteins.
Methods: The binding affinity and interactions of 5-FU with key apoptotic proteins (BAX, Bcl2, and Caspase-3) were assessed using molecular docking and validated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. PtNPs were synthesized and characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were determined, and cytotoxicity assays were conducted in U87 glioblastoma cells. The expression levels of apoptosis-related genes and proteins were evaluated to determine the biological impact of the formulations.
Results: Docking results confirmed effective binding of 5-FU to Bcl2, Caspase-3, and BAX, with MD simulations supporting stable complex formation, particularly with Bcl2 and Caspase-3. The synthesized PtNPs exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, including uniform morphology and high drug loading efficiency. In vitro release studies revealed a sustained release profile for the PtNPs/5-FU formulation. Furthermore, PtNPs/5-FU significantly downregulated the expression of EMT- and proliferation-related genes (cyclin D1, ZEB1, and Twist) and suppressed Bcl2 protein levels, resulting in enhanced apoptosis in U87 cells.
Conclusion: PtNPs effectively functioned as a delivery platform for 5-FU, improving its release kinetics and promoting apoptotic responses while potentially minimizing systemic toxicity. These findings support further exploration of PtNP-based drug delivery systems as a promising strategy for glioblastoma treatment.
期刊介绍:
Cancer Cell International publishes articles on all aspects of cancer cell biology, originating largely from, but not limited to, work using cell culture techniques.
The journal focuses on novel cancer studies reporting data from biological experiments performed on cells grown in vitro, in two- or three-dimensional systems, and/or in vivo (animal experiments). These types of experiments have provided crucial data in many fields, from cell proliferation and transformation, to epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, to apoptosis, and host immune response to tumors.
Cancer Cell International also considers articles that focus on novel technologies or novel pathways in molecular analysis and on epidemiological studies that may affect patient care, as well as articles reporting translational cancer research studies where in vitro discoveries are bridged to the clinic. As such, the journal is interested in laboratory and animal studies reporting on novel biomarkers of tumor progression and response to therapy and on their applicability to human cancers.