Advances in biomass-based molecularly imprinted polymers: from sustainable design to diverse applications

Biomass-based molecularly imprinted polymers (bio-based MIPs) are well used in many fields because of their environmentally friendly properties, low costs, and abundant active functional groups. This work comprehensively reviews the recent advances in bio-based MIPs, including classification, design strategies, polymerization methods, and diverse applications. Bio-based MIPs are mainly divided into biomass-derived carbon-based MIPs and polysaccharide-based MIPs according to the biological resources. The design strategies are especially highlighted from computational modelling studies, morphology and structure, and stimuli-responsive design. Moreover, the application of bio-based MIPs in four important fields is surveyed: food analysis, biomedicine, environment remediation, and catalysis. Finally, the challenges and prospects for developing bio-based MIPs are critical perspectives. This current and systematically presented review may contribute to creating green and sustainable bio-based MIPs and promoting their application in food, biomedicine, environment, and catalysis.