细粒沉积物的隐藏信息：迈向蛋白石粘土的新沉积模式

IF 5.3 2区地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Applied Clay Science Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI:10.1016/j.clay.2025.107934

Géraldine Nicole Zimmerli , Stephan Wohlwend , Gaudenz Deplazes , Thomas Mann , Jochen Erbacher , Tilo Kneuker , Gregor Paul Eberli , Anneleen Foubert

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引用次数: 0

摘要

细粒沉积物，包括富含粘土矿物的沉积物，由于其密封性和低渗透性，对于放射性废物的储存是必不可少的。瑞士的蛋白石粘土和德国的蛋白石组，概括为蛋白石粘土，在这方面起着关键作用。尽管具有明显的同质性，但其沉积历史仍然复杂。该研究使用沉积岩石学、粒度分析和来自瑞士、德国和法国的477个钻孔岩心的修正厚度数据，对20个钻孔岩心进行了检查。确定了3种岩性组合：FA-1（以富含粘土矿物为主）、FA-2（以粉砂质为主）和FA-3（以粉砂/粘土矿物为主，以钙质层为主）。蛋白石粘土整体分选差至极差，但以分选良好的粉砂组分为主。基于可分选粉砂组分的古流速计算表明，泥质亚相较低（25 cm/s），粉质亚相较高（27 ~ 32 cm/s）。多次粗化和精化的上升趋势被确定，表明当前环境波动。蛋白石粘土的厚度变化明显，最厚的沉积物位于蛋白石粘土盆地的中部，而较薄的沉积物则位于边缘。沉积相、粒度分析和厚度变化的综合分析表明，该序列代表了由北向南主导的水流形成的浅水轮廓岩漂移。流体动力学条件随着时间和空间的变化而变化，在演替序列的顶部，水流系统加强，与北部（德国）相比，南部（瑞士）的水流更强。连续的水流动力学导致相演化趋势可预测，相对较少的小规模相变化。这种一致性对于作为地质屏障的有效性及其对放射性废物处置的适用性至关重要。

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The hidden message of fine-grained sediments: towards a new depositional model for the Opalinus Clay

Fine-grained sediments, including clay mineral-rich sediments, are essential for radioactive waste storage due to their sealing properties and low permeability. The Opalinus Clay in Switzerland and Opalinuston-Formation in Germany, summarized as Opalinus Clay, plays a key role in this context. Despite its apparent homogeneity, its depositional history remains complex. This study examined 20 drill cores using sedimentary petrography, grain size analyses, and revised thickness data from 477 drill cores across Switzerland, Germany, and France. Three lithological facies associations (FA) were identified: FA-1 (clay mineral-rich dominated), FA-2 (silt dominated), and FA-3 (silt/clay mineral-rich dominated with mainly calcareous beds). The Opalinus Clay shows overall poor to very poor sorting but with a dominant well-sorted silt fraction. Paleo-current velocity calculations based on the sortable silt fraction indicate lower values in more clayey subfacies (25 cm/s) and higher values in silty subfacies (27 – 32 cm/s). Multiple coarsening- and fining-upward trends are identified indicating a fluctuating current environment. The Opalinus Clay reveals thickness variations with the thickest deposits located in the central part of the Opalinus Clay Basin and thinner deposits towards the margins. The combination of sedimentary facies, grain size analyses and thickness variations suggest that the succession represents a shallow-water contourite drift formed by dominant north-to-south flowing currents. Hydrodynamic conditions changed through time and space, with strengthening of the current system towards the top of the succession and stronger currents in the south (Switzerland) compared to the north (Germany). Continuous current dynamics resulted in predictable trends in facies evolution with relatively few small-scaled facies variations. This uniformity is essential for the effectiveness as a geological barrier and its suitability for radioactive waste disposal.

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来源期刊

Applied Clay Science 地学-矿物学

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

10.70%

发文量

289

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： Applied Clay Science aims to be an international journal attracting high quality scientific papers on clays and clay minerals, including research papers, reviews, and technical notes. The journal covers typical subjects of Fundamental and Applied Clay Science such as: • Synthesis and purification • Structural, crystallographic and mineralogical properties of clays and clay minerals • Thermal properties of clays and clay minerals • Physico-chemical properties including i) surface and interface properties; ii) thermodynamic properties; iii) mechanical properties • Interaction with water, with polar and apolar molecules • Colloidal properties and rheology • Adsorption, Intercalation, Ionic exchange • Genesis and deposits of clay minerals • Geology and geochemistry of clays • Modification of clays and clay minerals properties by thermal and physical treatments • Modification by chemical treatments with organic and inorganic molecules(organoclays, pillared clays) • Modification by biological microorganisms. etc...