分析巴基斯坦东北部拉合尔地区土地利用和土地覆盖变化对当地气象条件和PM2.5浓度的影响

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI:10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102547

Arshad Abbasi , Chunsheng Fang , Ju Wang , Usman Basharat

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引用次数: 0

摘要

土地利用和土地覆盖变化显著影响地表能量平衡，影响区域气象模式和空气质量。拉合尔是巴基斯坦东北部历史上的工业地区的一个主要城市中心，尽管它很重要，但这种影响的程度还没有得到彻底的研究。本研究基于WRF-CMAQ模式，模拟了2022年1月和6月的LULC2022（2022年LULC数据）和LULC2010（2010年LULC数据）情景，评估了LULC变化对拉合尔气象和PM2.5浓度的影响。2022年1月和6月的模拟结果显示，城市扩展区（UEA）白天感热通量升高，最大值分别为153 W/m2和161 W/m2。白天潜热通量逐渐减小，最大值分别为22.82 W/m2和180.73 W/m2。2 m温度（T2）分别升高4℃和3℃，10 m风速（WS10）分别升高1.06 m/s和1.60 m/s。行星边界层高度（PBLH）分别达到100 m和116 m。这些气象条件的变化可能会显著影响空气污染物的空间分布。在东安格利亚，PM 2。在1月和6月期间，₅浓度分别下降了35 μg/m3和20 μg/m3。SO2-4浓度的变化约占总PM 2的25%。₅变化，在1月夜间观察到5-6 μg/m3的下降。此外，由生物源性挥发性有机化合物（BVOC）前体（BSOA）衍生的二次有机气溶胶（SOA）在以绿色植被为主的农田地区略有下降。与此同时,₂下午。1月份东安格利亚周围的₅显着增加。CMAQ模式分析表明，PM2.5的空间变异性主要受东安东阿地区水平和垂直两个维度的传输和扩散过程增强的影响。1月，垂直平流（ZADV）和水平平流（HADV）对东东阿地区PM2.5浓度的影响呈负相关，分别增加25 μg/m3和40 μg/m3。6月夜间垂直扩散（VDIF）和水平平流（HADV）对PM2.5的不利影响更为显著，东东西部夜间分别增加40 μg/m3和31 μg/m3。

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Analyzing the impact of land use and land cover changes on local meteorological conditions and PM2.5 concentrations in Lahore, northeastern Pakistan

Variations in land use and land cover (LULC) significantly affect the surface energy balance, influencing regional meteorological patterns and air quality. Despite its importance, the extent of this impact has not been thoroughly examined in Lahore, a major urban center in the historically industrial region of Northeastern Pakistan. In this study, based on the WRF-CMAQ model, the LULC2022 (LULC data in 2022) and LULC2010 (LULC data in 2010) scenarios were simulated for January and June 2022 to assess the impact of LULC changes on meteorology and PM_2.5 concentrations in Lahore. Simulations conducted for January and June 2022 revealed elevated daytime sensible heat flux in the urban expansion area (UEA), with maximum values of 153 W/m² and 161 W/m². The latent heat flux declines during the daytime, with maximum values recorded at 22.82 W/m² and 180.73 W/m², respectively. As a result, the 2 m temperature (T2) increased by 4 °C and 3 °C, respectively, and the 10 m wind speed (WS10) increased by 1.06 m/s and 1.60 m/s, respectively. The planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) reached 100 m and 116 m, respectively.

These changes in meteorological conditions may significantly influence the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Within the UEA, PM₂.₅ concentrations exhibited reductions of 35 μg/m³ and 20 μg/m³ during January and June. The variation in SO2–4 concentrations contributed approximately 25 % to the total PM₂.₅ change, with a decline of 5–6 μg/m³ observed during nighttime in January. Additionally, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) precursors (BSOA) showed a slight decrease in cropland areas predominantly covered by green vegetation. Meanwhile, PM₂.₅ around the UEA increased notably in January. CMAQ model analysis reveals that this spatial variability of PM_2.5 is mainly influenced by enhanced transport and diffusion processes occurring in both horizontal and vertical dimensions across the UEA. In January, vertical advection (ZADV) and horizontal advection (HADV) contributed negatively to PM_2.5 levels in the UEA, increasing concentrations by 25 μg/m³ and 40 μg/m³, respectively. In June, the adverse impacts of Vertical diffusion (VDIF) and horizontal advection (HADV) on PM_2.5 were more significant during nighttime, with respective increases of 40 μg/m³ and 31 μg/m³ in the UEA.

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来源期刊

Urban Climate Social Sciences-Urban Studies

CiteScore

9.70

自引率

9.40%

发文量

286

期刊介绍： Urban Climate serves the scientific and decision making communities with the publication of research on theory, science and applications relevant to understanding urban climatic conditions and change in relation to their geography and to demographic, socioeconomic, institutional, technological and environmental dynamics and global change. Targeted towards both disciplinary and interdisciplinary audiences, this journal publishes original research papers, comprehensive review articles, book reviews, and short communications on topics including, but not limited to, the following: Urban meteorology and climate[...] Urban environmental pollution[...] Adaptation to global change[...] Urban economic and social issues[...] Research Approaches[...]