从恐音症到青春期:自闭症性别焦虑的窗口?

IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Autism Research Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI:10.1002/aur.70092
Gualberto Ruaño, Lavinia Carmen Uscătescu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自闭症的特点是社会交流、兴趣和行为的独特模式。性别不一致涉及一个人的经验和分配性别之间的不匹配,通常伴随着显著的痛苦(即,性别不安)。最近的研究表明,自闭症患者比一般人群更频繁地报告性别焦虑,在性别诊所的设置中也有过多的代表。自闭症患者还报告对某些感官刺激过敏,这会引起痛苦。当这种痛苦是由某些听觉刺激(例如,自己或他人的生物声音,如咀嚼或吞咽)引发时,它被归类为恐音症。恐音症似乎在自闭症中非常普遍。我们提出一种研究较少的现象,青春期恐惧症,可以作为减少某些类别的人因恐音症引起的痛苦的尝试的例子。青春期恐惧症的特点是声音异常尖细,主要发生在十几岁的男孩和男性身上,这种情况可能在没有可识别的生理原因的情况下发生。青春期早熟的心理成因方面才刚刚开始被探索。我们在此提出一个探索性的方向,认为青春期恐惧症可能是个体由于声音变深而试图减少令人痛苦的听觉刺激(恐音症)。反过来,这可能是未被认识到的性别焦虑的一个指标。考虑到自闭症男性的音高也被报道比对照组高,我们进一步询问自闭症是否在心因性青春期恐惧症中更为普遍。最后,我们希望提请注意,需要对青春期恐惧症、性别焦虑症、恐音症和自闭症的流行病学和重叠性进行研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
From Misophonia Through Puberphonia: Window Toward Gender Dysphoria in Autism?

Autism is characterized by distinct patterns of social communication, interests, and behaviors. Gender incongruence involves a mismatch between one's experienced and assigned gender, often accompanied by significant distress (i.e., gender dysphoria). Recent studies revealed that autistic individuals report gender dysphoria more frequently than the general population and are overrepresented in gender clinic settings. Autistic individuals also report hypersensitivity to certain sensory stimuli, which can elicit distress. When this distress is triggered by certain auditory stimuli (e.g., one's or others' biological sounds such as chewing or swallowing) it is categorized as misophonia. Misophonia appears to be highly prevalent in autism. We propose that a lesser-studied phenomenon, puberphonia, could exemplify an attempt to reduce the distress elicited by misophonia in a certain category of individuals. Puberphonia is characterized by an unusually high-pitched voice, predominantly in teenage boys and men, that can occur in the absence of identifiable physical causes. The psychogenic aspects of puberphonia are just beginning to be explored. We hereby propose an exploratory direction, suggesting that puberphonia may be an individual's attempt at diminishing a distressing auditory stimulus (misophonia) due to their deepening voice. This, in turn, may be an indicator of unrecognized gender dysphoria. Given that voice pitch has also been reported to be higher in autistic males compared to controls, we further ask whether autism is more prevalent among cases of psychogenic puberphonia. Finally, we wish to draw attention to the need for research on the epidemiology and overlap of puberphonia, gender dysphoria, misophonia, and autism.

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来源期刊
Autism Research
Autism Research 医学-行为科学
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
8.50%
发文量
187
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: AUTISM RESEARCH will cover the developmental disorders known as Pervasive Developmental Disorders (or autism spectrum disorders – ASDs). The Journal focuses on basic genetic, neurobiological and psychological mechanisms and how these influence developmental processes in ASDs.
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