Differential Emodepside Efficacy in Drug-Resistant and Drug-Susceptible Ancylostoma caninum Highlights Variability in Potassium Channel Activity.

Multi-anthelmintic resistance in hookworms poses a significant challenge to both human and veterinary health, underscoring the need for novel treatment strategies. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro efficacy of three anthelmintics-pyrantel, ivermectin, and emodepside-against L3 larvae of drug-susceptible (WMD) and triple-anthelmintic-resistant (BCR) isolates of Ancylostoma caninum. While pyrantel was largely ineffective and ivermectin induced high mortality in both isolates, emodepside displayed a surprising trend: the drug-resistant BCR isolate was more susceptible than the drug-susceptible WMD isolate. To explore the underlying mechanism, we performed survival assays in the presence of penitrem A, a BK channel (SLO-1) inhibitor. The addition of penitrem A reversed the enhanced emodepside sensitivity in BCR, implicating elevated basal expression of SLO-1 channels as a potential factor. These findings suggest that emodepside, via its action on SLO-1, may offer a promising therapeutic avenue to combat multidrug-resistant hookworm infections.