Vitamin C as a probable inhibitor of tyrosinase (Tyr) and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) in human gingiva: An analytical study.

Background: Vitamin C is a water-soluble substance naturally occurring in citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwifruit, guava, etc., It is required for formation of collagen, healing of wounds, maintaining the health of blood vessels, ligaments, and bones. Vitamin C inhibits the tyrosinase (Tyr) enzyme and reduces melanin synthesis. Tyrosinase along with tyrosinase related protein- 1 and 2 (TRP-1 & TRP-2) are required for melanin synthesis. Hence this study was conducted to assess the effect of Vitamin C on Tyr and TRP-1 in human gingiva.

Aim: To assess the effect of Vitamin C on tyrosinase and TRP-1 levels in individuals with moderate to heavy gingival melanin hyperpigmentation.

Materials and methods: Individuals with complaint of black gums were included. Informed consent was obtained. Initial treatment of scaling and root planing was conducted and they were recalled after 2 weeks. The gingival depigmentation was performed by scalpel technique. The excised layer of epithelial tissue was sent to the laboratory to assess the Tyr and TRP-1 levels. Subsequently, Vitamin C was administered at monthly interval for 6 months. Tyr and TRP-1 levels were assessed at the end of 1 year follow-up.

Results: The levels of Tyr and TRP-1 in gingival tissue at baseline and at the end of one year follow-up are shown in the table and graph. Tyr and TRP-1 levels were reduced after vitamin C administration.

Conclusion: Vitamin C administration resulted in reduction of tyrosinase and TRP-1 levels in human gingiva at 1 year follow-up indicating that Vitamin C is a probable inhibitor of melanin synthesis.