A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Urinary Sphincters: History, Current Utilization, and Future Innovations.

Purpose of review: This narrative review summarizes the evolution of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) and its role in treating male stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This review discusses the history of AUS and changes that have helped drive current and future developments in AUS innovation.

Recent findings: Recent AUS models have addressed many shortcomings of prior devices designed for the treatment of SUI. However, the need for manual pumping as well as the risks of erosion, infection, and malfunction remain areas of concern, prompting innovative transformations to AUS development. The AUS is the gold standard and most effective treatment for male SUI. Currently available devices have limitations, especially in patients with reduced manual dexterity and cognition. Additionally, there are inherent risks for urethral erosion and device failure. Despite the efficacy and success of modern-day AUS devices, there is still opportunity for innovation in the AUS market. This includes the advent of electronic assisted devices as well as adjustable and variable pressure mechanisms to create dynamic artificial sphincters that minimize complications while maximizing patient outcomes.