Metal–Organic Frameworks Nanocomposite Enzymes with Peroxidase-like Activity: Can They Bring Us a New Perspective in the Field of Biological Applications?

This review aims to systematically investigate the structure, function, and practical applications of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocomposite enzymes with peroxidase-like activity. MOFs are a class of porous crystalline materials formed by metal nodes and organic ligands, exhibiting enzyme-like activity due to their structural similarity to natural enzymes. They have garnered significant attention in analytical chemistry, disease diagnosis, and treatment. However, the inherent structural instability of MOFs in aqueous environments, as well as limitations in their morphology and active sites, has hindered their ideal catalytic performance. To address these challenges, catalytically active species can be introduced into the pore space or onto the surfaces of MOFs to form MOF-based nanocomposite enzymes. These nanocomposites typically combine the characteristics of both host and guest materials, leveraging the synergistic effects and individual advantages of each component to enhance the development of MOF nanozymes. For instance, they can exhibit improved peroxidase-like activity or multienzyme activity. This review first introduces the classification and basic construction principles of MOF nanocomposite enzymes with peroxidase-like activity. It then reviews the research and application progress of these nanocomposite enzymes in the fields of sensing, antibacterial activity, and cancer treatment over the past five years. Finally, the review discusses the challenges and future development trends that MOF nanocomposite enzymes face in practical applications. By systematically organizing and summarizing the relevant information, this review aims to provide valuable insights and references for future research work in this area.