Optimization of solar-powered cooling systems for data centers using phase change materials based on energy, exergy, and eco-exergy analysis: A case study

This study addresses the challenge of meeting the cooling demands of data centers using solar energy, which is inherently intermittent and weather-dependent. To overcome this issue, an advanced solar-powered cooling system is developed, integrating thermal energy storage (TES) with phase change materials (PCMs) to ensure a consistent thermal supply during non-solar hours. The system utilizes the thermodynamic properties of three PCMs—Adipic acid, Dimethyl terephthalate, and Suberic acid—evaluated based on their density, latent heat of fusion, melting temperature, and specific heat capacity. A multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm (GA), followed by the TOPSIS method, is employed to enhance system performance by minimizing cost and maximizing efficiency. Among the materials studied, Dimethyl terephthalate exhibits the highest exergy efficiency of 20.36 % during charging, making it the most suitable PCM for the application. The optimized system achieves a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.79 and an operating cost of $56.31 per hour, with peak efficiency observed during summer radiation conditions. Seasonal analysis reveals a 67.57 % improvement in exergy efficiency during summer compared to autumn, highlighting the impact of solar availability. The results underscore the critical role of PCM thermodynamic properties and TES design in enhancing system resilience and cost-effectiveness. This research sets a benchmark for integrating renewable energy into high-efficiency cooling systems, offering a practical and sustainable solution for thermal management in data centers.